Lecture 11 Flashcards
What is microtia/aural atresia?
Gender more common?
Cochlea affected?
Hearing loss type?
Absence of opening in external canal, often accompanied by microtia Can be uni/bilateral More common in males Cochlea usually unaffected Hearing loss is conductive
Developed in utero; not common; often one accompanied by the other
What are the typical audiometric results of microtia?
Maximum CHL
Problems related to unilateral HL - localization, speech-in-noise
Can’t conduct - tympanometry, or otoacoustic emissions
Can’t use inserts…
What are some aids that can be used for individuals with microtia? (3)
BC hearing aid - electrical signal goes to oscillators, will vibrate sounds from the skull; uncomfortable
BC soft band - has microphone and signal processing all in one
Bone-anchored hearing system - is a surgical implant, titanium piece integrated with the bone, sound vibrations transferred to skull
What is treacher collins syndrome?
What are some symptoms?
Mandibular dysotosis - Ossicular defects Downward sloping palpebral fissures Receding chin Dental abnormalities Middle ear affected
What is cleft palate?
Abnormal insertion and function of the levator and tensor veli palatini muscle leads to eustachian tube (hard to open/close tube)
Risk for CHL
High arched palate/split
What is otitis media with effusion and acute otitis media?
With effusion: fluid filled ear with no signs of active infection; sounds don’t travel well.
Negative middle ear pressure - cells effuse into middle ear with fluid; cells start oozing out into vacuum.
Really tight against manubrium
Acute: inflamed, infected
What does eustachian tube dysfunction lead to?
Poor middle ear aeration, otitis media, fluctuating CHL
What age is otitis media most common?
When is it most prevalent?
Most common in children <6 ears; rare after 9.
Most common cause of CHL in children
Most prevalent and persistent in winter months (upper respiratory problems)
In hearing assessment, what are the results: Bilateral/unilateral Degree Configuration Type Speech audiometry Tympanogram
Unilateral - one ear worse than the other
Degree - mild to moderate, (significant impact in class)
Configuration - CHL - flat loss
Type - conductive
Speech - if loud enough will get good recognition; with longstanding HL in the ear, may start to see speech recognition affected
Tympanogram - negative pressure and/or rounded peak, or flat (progresses through these types) - fluid causes loss of peak
What are some factors that increase OM prevalence?
Allergies
Pacifier use
Lower SES
Eustachian tube dysfunction
What does a pressure equalization tube do?
Temporary hole in the eardrum to equalize pressured
Will start healing across hole, when pressure comes along sides and pops out tube
Can stay for months - years
Fall out on their own
Where are the places that a TM perforation could be?
Pars tensa - central: most common and safest; marginal
Pars flaccida - attic: usually associated with cholesteatoma and/or destruction of the ossicles
What are acute and chronic TM perforations?
Acute: (90%); traumatic cause, usually heals itself, typically smaller perforations
Chronic: (10%); larger perforations (those due to chronic infection), require tympanoplasty
What are some causes of TM perforations?
Traumatic blow or slap
Sudden explosion
Infection
Skull fracture/head trauma
What does the typical audiogram look like for those with TM perforation?
Flat or rising mild to moderate CHL
