Lecture 1.1 Flashcards by Edrien Joyce

food accounts by how many percent in GHG?

26%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_____ of the habitable land used in agriculture

half or 50%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_____ of the freash water widthrawals are used for agriculture

70%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many percent are the contribution of eutrophication caused by agriculture

78%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Potential soil, water and air
pollution fromimproper
animal manure management

Surface and
groundwater
contamination
Air contamination
(odor)
Global warmingdue
to increased
greenhousegases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

anysingle identifiable
source of pollution from which
pollutants are discharged

Point Source

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

inputs and impacts which occur over a
wide area and are not easily attributed
to single source

Non-point Source

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

man-madeconveyance
structures such as feed pensor
corrals, confinement buildings, slurry
storage tanks, pipes or culverts,
conveyance channels, holding pondsor
lagoons, stockpiles, irrigation systems
anddeadanimaldisposal facilities

Point Source

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

diffuse run-off from areas such as
feeding, watering sites, working corrals,
spray pens, grazed pastures or rangeland

Non-point Source

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

nutrients carried by run-off end up in
lakes, ponds, rivers and other water
bodies

Non-point Source

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

waste is
Material that is ________; the ___________
remains or __________ of something

not wanted
unusable
by products

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Any material which is not needed by the
owner, producer or processor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

waste are Substances or objects which__________ intended to be
disposed of or are_______ to be
disposed of by the _______________
It
can be decomposing and non
decomposing, combustible and non
combustible solid waste

intended
required
provisions of the law

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Refuse/ Trash/ Garbage/ Junk/ Scrap/
Litter/
Debris/
Household waste

waste

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(non- hazardous)
Domestic waste
E- waste
Construction waste
Metal waste

Solid waste

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

trash/
garbage consists of everyday items like
product packaging, grass cropping, furniture,
clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers,
appliances, paint, batteries

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Waste : Classification

Solid waste
Factory waste
Food processing waste
Hazardous waste
Agricultural waste

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Waste from oil factory

Factory waste

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

waste that poses
substantial or potential
threats to public health
or the environment

Hazardous waste

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

shall refer to solid waste or combination of solid waste which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics may:

(1) cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible, illness;

Hazardous waste

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed;

Hazardous waste

Bio- medical waste
Nuclear waste

Hazardous waste

shall refer to waste generated from planting or harvesting of crops, trimming or pruning of plants and wastes or run-off materials from farms or fields;
may be in solid or liquid what paes?

Agricultural waste
liquid PAES 414-1
solid PAES 414-2

Aim of Waste Management

➢ To extract maximum
practical benefit
➢ To generate minimum
amount of waste
➢ To reduce negative
impacts on environment
and society

Solid Waste Management Hierarchy

prevention (most favored) minimisation reuse recycle energy recovery disposal (least favored)

Management of the entire waste process including generation, storage, collection, transportation, resource recovery, treatment and disposal entrireeeee

Integrated Waste Management (IWM)

Waste control methods

Avoidance Reduction Recycling Reuse Recovery Treatment and disposal

components of the hierarchy of ISMW

Control Measures

1. Source reduction 2. Recycling 3. Composting 4. Landfills

alter design, manufacture, or use of products and materials to reduce the amount of waste thrown away

Source reduction

Processing/ conversion of waste item into usable forms

Recycling

Not applicable to all kinds of waste like plastic bags, plastic wrap, yogurt cups, margarine containers, etc. because it is unavailable or unsafe In some cases, cost is too high.

Recycling

Every ton of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to _______ liters of oil

100

Recycling about ____ kg of newspaper will save one tree.

Making paper from waste saves______ energy

50%

Process of Recycling

Collection Sorting Manufacturing Purchasing

Biological decomposition of organic constituents of MSW like leaves, grass & food scraps, by microorganisms under controlled condition

Composting

Controlled process whereby compostable organic wastes are pasteurized and transformed under microbiologically _____ and _____ conditions for a period not less than ____ weeks

aerobic and thermophilic 6

Factors that Affect Decomposition

a. Carbon to Nitrogen b. Surface Area c. Moisture d. O2 and temperature

Carbon to Nitrogen : recommended for MSW are ________by weight

25: 1 to 40:1

Increasing surface area of the organic particles through size reduction can increase carbon availability and accelerate decomposition if adequate nitrogen is available

Surface Area

Management needs balance between microbial activity and oxygen supply ➢ Slow rate : ______MC ➢ High rate: 50 – 55% ➢ Process starts at ~_____MC & dry to ~_____ prior to final screening and marketing

40 – 45% 50 – 55% 52% 37% MC

linked by microbial activity and aeration Aeration + cooling( _______% oxygen at______ °C)

16 – 17 45-59

Types of Composting based on Presence/ Absence of Oxygen

Aerobic Anaerobic

High temperature Absence of odours Rapid decomposition Attention intensive

Aerobic

it is a type of composting that is triangular piles, 2-6 months 7” high & 14 –16” wide Aerated& use specific turning equipment

Windrows

it is a type of composting that is10 –12” high 6-12 weeks

mechanically aerated

MSWin chamber or vessel, mixing mechanism aeration, sequenced reactions, controlled moisture, propriety processes less than 1 week

In-vessel

Size reduction, screening, magnetic separation

Pre-processing

Screening for degradation, curing

Post –processing

A process of converting biodegradable materials into valuable fertilizer organic materials compost worms.

Vermicomposting

excreta of the earthworms

Vermicompost/ vermicast/ worm compost