Lecture 11

Question 1

two components of human MSB

Answer 1

1. appetitive
2. consummatory

Question 2

non-human primate MSB copulatory positions

Answer 2

single position, mounting

Question 3

exceptions to non-human primate MSB copulatory positions

Answer 3

some orangutans copulate face-to-face upside down, female primates have been observed to perform fellatio

Question 4

fellatio in bats

Answer 4

had an effect on time of copulation in bat couples

Question 5

bonobos

Answer 5

closely related to humans (98% gene homology), have sex for pleasure, use sexual interactions to resolve social conflicts

Question 6

incidence of masturbation increases with age (MSB)

Answer 6

42.9% at 14yo compared with 67.6% at 17yo

Question 7

andropause

Answer 7

decline in hormone levels and fertility

Question 8

general pattern of androgen concentrations matches __

Answer 8

sexual behavior patterns and sperm counts in humans

Question 9

effects of castration on humans vs rats

Answer 9

humans: more than half stopped showing MSB shortly after castration, about a quarter showed very gradual decrease (up to years before it waned), about 10% showed no change
rats: MSB stops

Question 10

chemically induced hypogonadism

Answer 10

leuprolide acetate mimics GnRH, reduces sexual behavior which can be restored with testosterone treatment

Question 11

direct study of hormones and MSB in men

Answer 11

double-blind study, all men received 3 treatments in Dif orders with 6 wk intertreatment interval
1. 100mg of testosterone enanthate
2. 400mg of testosterone enthanate
3. vehicle (oil)
kept daily logs of erotic thoughts, errections, sexual activities

Question 12

results of direct study of hormones and MSB in men

Answer 12

testosterone treatment significantly altered sexual thoughts and behaviors

Question 13

paraphilias

Answer 13

persistent and recurrent sexual interests, urges, fantasies, or behaviors of marked intensity involving objects, activities, or even situations that are atypical in nature
ex. pedophilia, sadism, self-harm, kinks

Question 14

strong belief of a link between blood androgen levels and sexual behaviors drive __________ sentences

Answer 14

chemical castration

Question 15

drugs used in chemical castration

Answer 15

medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and cyproterone acetate (CPA)

Question 16

CPA reduced testosterone through

Answer 16

reducing LH secretion, increasing liver enzymes that metabolize testosterone

Question 17

men watching erotic films

Answer 17

higher plasma concentrations of LH –> increased levels of testosterone

Question 18

rapists and non-rapists watched pornographic movie scenes

Answer 18

1. consensual sex : equally aroused
2. rape with woman showing involuntary pleasure : equally aroused
3. rape with woman showing distress : only rapists showed arousal

Question 19

difference in blood androgen concentrations between rapists and non-rapists

Answer 19

no difference

Question 20

MPOA important for MSB in primates?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

MPOA lesioned

Answer 21

• seems to reduce copulatory behavior with an estrus female, like in rodents
• continue to masturbate, maintain erections and ejaculate at pre-surgery rates

Question 22

MPOA no necessary for every aspect of performance

Answer 22

erection, ejaculation most unaffected by lesions

Question 23

amygdala important for mating behavior?

Answer 23

mixed reports
Kluver-Busy studies removed temporal lobes of monkeys, showed hyper sexual behavior, intense and frequent

Question 23

chemosensory system X important for mating behavior?

Answer 23

no, ex. damage to olfactory system does not impact MSB

Question 24

following masturbation which hormones were elevated?

Answer 24

testosterone, DHT, and androstenedione
- suggesting that ejaculation causes sex steroid hormone production

Question 25

increase in testosterone caused by ____ in a sex club

Answer 25

both observing and participating in sexual activities

Question 26

aging and MSB

Answer 26

men start to show a decline in circulating androgen in their 60s, about half of healthy 80yos still have high plasma testosterone levels

Question 27

hypogonadal testosterone levels in older males can be due to

Answer 27

1. insufficient GnRH release from the hypothalamus
2. insufficient release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary
3. Leydig cells not producing sufficient androgens in response to gonadotropins

Question 28

associated reproductive behavior in reptiles

Answer 28

when reproductive behavior, gonad size, high steroid concentrations, and gamate production coincide

Question 28

dissociated reproductive pattern in reptiles

Answer 28

reproductive behavior occurs when steroid levels and gamate production is low

Question 29

reptilian: no evidence of hormonal influence on mating behavior

Answer 29

no effect on mating behavior
- castration
- removing pituitary gland
- removing the adrenals
- treating with androgens
- treating with gonadotropins

Question 29

red-sided garter snakes

Answer 29

females have two vaginas, when a male gets a penis inside a vagina no other males will attempt to copulate

Question 30

reptilian: what has an effect on mating behavior

Answer 30

destroying the MPOA and removing the pineal gland

Question 31

avian sexual behavior

Answer 31

both appetitive and consummatory sexual behavior dependent on androgens

Question 32

Japanese quail

Answer 32

castration of the males leads to a loss of all 4 behaviors
1. strutting
2. crowing
3. mounting
4. cloacal contact

Question 33

Japanese quail: castration + DHT

Answer 33

strutting = YES
crowing = YES
no mounting, no cloacal contact

Question 34

Japanese quail: castration + testosterone

Answer 34

all 4 behaviors return

Question 35

a role for estrogen

Answer 35

blocking aromatase activity or estrogen receptors prevents testosterone from restoring copulatory behaviors