Lecture 10.4: Infection in the Lung Flashcards
What 3 things happen in the lung during inflammation?
Dilation of blood vessels, increased permeability, migration of white cells (mostly polymorphs).
What are the two types of acute bacterial pneumonia and how are they differentiated?
Bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia. Former is patchy, lobar is often restricted to one lobe.
Broncho starts at a terminal bronchiole, spreading to alveolar parenchyma.
Lobar located in one lobe, and oedema spreads fast. 80% due to strep pneumoniae, then H. inf B.
What is seen in bronchopneumonia?
Patchiness, pus in airspaces, neutrophils congestion of blood vessels due to increased blood flow of inflammation.
True or false? Gray hepatisation often occurs later than red.
True. Gray hepatisation is often due to the abundance of neutrophils that have eaten up the RBCs.
What is the main difference between viral and bacterial pneumonia?
Viral are not neutrophil rich, but lymphocyte rich. They do not produce consolidation.
They do not fill up air spaces with pus and inflammatory exudate, but may fill it up with oedema fluid.
Can cause bronchiolitis and inflammation of alveolar septum and death of epithelial cells, predisposing to bacterial pneumonia.
How does bronchiectasis lead to haemoptysis?
Rupture of blood vessels in bronchial walls. Also leads to pulmonary fibrosis.
What is the difference between primary and secondary TB?
Primary is an infection to someone not previously exposed. Secondary is when an already exposed individual gets symptom from latent infection.
Where does secondary TB commonly occur? What are complications?
Apical areas of upper lobe, and dystrophic calcification can often occur. Complications include cavitations. Scarring.
What is miliary TB?
Granulomas in other organs, there are multiple very small granulomas. Can also occur in the lung. This is caused by dissemination of TB via blood vessels.
