Lecture 10: Urinary

Question 1

The filtration barrier in the renal corpuscle consists of three layers:

a. filtration slits, foot processes, and slit pores.
b. fenestrations, matrix, and foot processes.
c. endothelium of glomerulus, the glomerular basement membrane, and podocyte filtration slits.
d. the glomerular basement membrane, foot processes, and fenestrations in the capsule.

Answer 1

c. endothelium of glomerulus, the glomerular basement membrane, and podocyte filtration slits.

Question 2

The region known as the macula densa is part of

a. the proximal convoluted tubule.
b. the distal convoluted tubule.
c. the collecting duct.
d. the nephron loop (loop of Henle).

Answer 2

b. the distal convoluted tubule.

Question 3

Which of these components of the nephron is largely confined to the renal medulla and medullary rays?

a. glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
b. distal convoluted tubule
c. collecting ducts
d. proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 3

c. collecting ducts

Question 4

Filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

a. nephron loop (loop of Henle).
b. proximal convoluted tubule.
c. distal convoluted tubule.
d. collecting duct.

Answer 4

b. proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 5

Sympathetic activation that triggers renin release can do all of the following, EXCEPT. Find the FALSE answer.

a. produces powerful vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles.
b. decreases the blood pressure inside the glomerulus.
c. triggers angiotensinogen cleavage
d. produces renal ischemia.

Answer 5

b. decreases the blood pressure inside the glomerulus.

Question 6

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) processes angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the lungs. A drug that inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) may lead to:

a. higher secretion of aldosterone.
b. decreased urinary loss of sodium.
c. reduction of blood pressure.
d. increased sodium reabsorption.

Answer 6

c. reduction of blood pressure.

Question 7

Which of the following substances are not normally found in the filtrate?

a. chloride ions
b. water
c. protein
d. urea

Answer 7

c. protein

Question 8

Small vessels that surround Henle’s loop in juxtamedullary nephrons are known as:

a. peritubular capillaries.
b. cortical radiate capillaries.
c. vasa recta.
d. efferent arterioles.

Answer 8

c. vasa recta.

Question 9

Henle’s loop:

a. relies on parallel current multiplication
b. creates a NaCl concentration gradient
c. enables production of hypotonic urine
d. is a site of modified water reabsorption.

Answer 9

b. creates a NaCl concentration gradient

Question 10

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is low,

a. a concentrated urine is produced.
b. less urine is produced.
c. the osmolarity (solute concentration) of the urine decreases.
d. permeability to water in the collecting system increases.

Answer 10

c. the osmolarity (solute concentration) of the urine decreases.