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2. Sensation and Perception > Lecture 10 - Taste and Smell •Sensation and perception of gustatory and olfactory stimuli > Flashcards

Lecture 10 - Taste and Smell •Sensation and perception of gustatory and olfactory stimuli Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by gustation?

A

The structure and function and taste.

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2
Q

What is meant by olfaction?

A

The structure and function of odour

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3
Q

What is meant by flavour?

A

The coming together of all senses.

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4
Q

What does salty indicate?

A

The presence of sodium

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5
Q

What are the five basic taste qualities?

A
  1. salty
  2. sour
  3. sweet
  4. bitter
  5. umami
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6
Q

What are the papilla?

A

Papilla contains several hundreds of taste buds with each containing 50-100 taste receptor cells.

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7
Q

What are the 4 types of papilla?

A

Filiform
Fungiform
Foliate
Circumvallate

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8
Q

When does transduction occur in the taste buds?

A

Transduction occurs when chemicals contact the receptor sites on the tips of the taste cell.

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9
Q

What is the olfactory mucosa?

A

Membrane that contains the cilia of the olfactory receptors

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10
Q

How many different olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in humans?

A

350 in humans

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11
Q

What is the olfactory bulb?

A

Structure containing the neural circuits that process olfactory information. Neurons receive information directly from the axons of the olfactory receptors.

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12
Q

What are the functions of olfaction?

A

Animals are macrosmatic - a keen sense of smell necessary for survival.
Humans are microsmatic - less keen sense of smell not crucial for survival.

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13
Q

What is meant by the recognition threshold for identifying odours?

A

Concentration needed to determine quality of an odorant.
Humans can discriminate among 100,000 odours, but they cannot label them accurately.

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14
Q

What is the puzzle of olfactory quality?

A

Difficult to map perceptual experience onto physical attributes.
Some molecules that have similar structure smell different.

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15
Q

What is the primary olfactory area?

A

piriform cortex

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16
Q

What is the secondary olfactory area?

A

Orbitorfrontal cortex

17
Q

How is the amygdala linked to the olfactory regions?

A
18
Q

How do odour stimuli from food in the mouth reach the olfactory mucosa?

A

Through the retronasal route

19
Q

What are chemical senses and why are they important?

A
  • Olfaction and gustation
    They have been neglected but used to be essential for our survival.
    They are direct senses as contact with the ‘wrong’ substances can be harmful.
20
Q

What does flavour perception rely on?

A

Relies on a true multi-modal system in which olfaction plays a significant role.

2. Sensation and Perception (12 decks)

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