lecture 10- synchrony Flashcards
behavioural _______ is essential for successful social interaction
-coordination
sensorimotor synchronisation
Sensorimotor synchronisation is the coordination of rhythmic movement with an external rhythm, ranging from finger tapping in time with a metronome to musical ensemble performance
interpersonal synchronisation
in real life synchronisation with an external rhythm, as in dancing or music performance, usually takes place in a social context where several persons are moving simultaneously -Interpersonal Synchronisation.
synchronised activities
Walking (van Ulzen et al., 2008; Zivotofsky & Hausdorff, 2007)
Limb movements (Issartel et al., 2007; Schmidt et al., 1990)
Postural sway (Shockley, Santana & Fowler, 2003)
The swinging of handheld pendulums (Richardson et al., 2005)
The motion of rocking chairs (Richardson et al., 2007)
what are the benefits of interpersonal synchronisation
similar to mimicry
, performing actions that are coordinated with an interaction partner elicits feelings of connectedness and interpersonal rapport
benefits of interpersonal synchronisation- connectedness
examples
This relationship between coordinated behaviour and social perception has been demonstrated in a variety of settings
: Parent-child bonding (Isabella et al., 1989)
Intimate relationships (Julien et al., 2000)
Teacher-student interactions (LaFrance,1979)
Critical determinant of successful social interactions
how is synchrony different from mimicry
-Two (or more) coupled oscillators
-Such as the repeated movements of interacting individuals (e.g., the limb movements of two people walking side-by-side)
Interpersonal coordination can be intentionally instructed
doing as I do’ vs. ‘doing as I do, as I do it’
synchronisation
Self-organisation – we spontaneously and dynamically (i.e., over time) adapt to the partner and synchronise our behaviour
researchers can estimate dynamic changes and…
record the degree of synchrony in phase and out phase
phases of coordination
-in phase coordination-
-anti phase coordination
phases of synchrony in relationships
While the actions of interacting individuals routinely move through the various intermediary stages of the relative phase relationship, over time they typically settle in a state of in-phase or anti-phase coordination
This effect arises because in-phase and anti-phase coordination reflect the globally stable attractor states for coupled oscillators (Haken et al., 1985), and indeed interpersonal coordination
why do we naturally settle for synchronous behaviour
-we like people when they are in a more stable forms of interpersonal coordination
phases of coordination - social cognition study
-ppts demonstrated enhanced memory for an interaction partner’s utterances and facial appearance
-in phase synchrony = better person related memory
-these findings underscore the importance of action perception to social cognition
synchronisation enhances basic ______ and ______ abilities
perceptual and motor
does synchrony enhance perceptual sensitivity
Rocking in synchrony enhanced individuals’ perceptual sensitivity to the motion of other entities and thereby increased their success in a subsequent joint-action task that required the ability to dynamically detect and respond appropriately to a partner’s movements
swaying together experiment
Sway independently at their own preferred rate
Not only did participants unintentionally adopt the same rocking pace as their partner, but they did so even when the chairs had different frequencies of oscillation.
Participants worked against the natural tendency of the chairs to desynchronize to maintain behavioural harmony
determinants of synchrony
-what is required
Visual or auditory information is required
Biomechanical information (e.g., holding hands when walking)
determinants of synchrony
-individual differences
-individual differences - pro social vs pro self
-conversely negative social experiences may reduce the likelihood of spontaneous synchronisation
determinants of synchrony
context
social context eg such as being late can moderate synchrony
fluctuations in synchronised clapping is due to….
Fluctuations in the degree of synchronized clapping among the members of an audience are self-organized with respect to their desire to express appreciation (Neda et al.,2000)
Schmidt et al. (1994) have reported that individual differences in social competence impact the characteristics of synchrony within a dyad.
physiological benefits of synchrony
Cardiac and respiratory patterns synchronize between persons during choir singing (Muller & Lindenberger, 20
