Lecture 10: Renal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What organs make up the urinary system?

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra

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2
Q

Simply put, what is the physiological role of kidneys?

A
  • Filter metabolic waste products and toxins
  • Convert filtrate to urine
  • Blood pressure regulation
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3
Q

Where are kidneys found?

A

Anteriorly at retroperitoneal region at T12-L3

*right kidney slightly lower because of liver

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4
Q

What enters the renal hilum?

A

Blood vessels
Nerves
Ureter

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5
Q

In the posterior aspect, what is found at the transpyloric plane

Where is the inferior pole of the right kidney located?

A

Left kidney: hilum
Right kidney: superior pole

around index finger length below the iliac crest

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6
Q

From outward to the kidney itself, describe the layers of renal fat.

A

Superficial: Paranephric Fat
Middle: Renal fascia
Deep: Perinephric fat

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7
Q

What is renal fascia continuous with?

A

Inferior diaphragmatic fascia

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8
Q

The renal cortex contains _____ and makes _____

A

renal corpuscles, erythropoietin (at the interstitial portion)

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9
Q

The renal medulla is a collection of what?

A

Renal pyramids and column

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10
Q

What is the significance of the renal pelvis?

The renal calyxes are out-pocketings of the renal pelvis that eventually become what?

A

drains the filtrate from nephrons to ureter. Susceptible to narrowing and renal stone obstruction

Ureter

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11
Q

Where do renal arteries branch off?

A

Descending aorta

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12
Q

What do arterial pathway of the blood from body to kidney?

What is the venous pathway of blood from kidney and back to body?

A

Descending aorta > Renal Artery > Segmental Artery –> Interlobar Artery –> Arcuate Artery –> Interlobular Artery –> Afferent Arteriole > Glomerulus > Peritubular capillaries/Vesa Recta

Vesa recta > efferent arteriole > Cortical radiate V. > Arcuate V. > Interlobar V. > Renal V. > Inferior vena cava

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13
Q

What is the role of the afferent arteriole?

Efferent arteriole?

A

Brings blood to glomerulus to get filtered

Brings filtered blood from nephron back to body

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14
Q

What arteries do ureters “leech” off of?

What does the term “water under the bridge” mean?

A

branches of renal, gonadal, abdominal, iliac, superior vesicular and pelvic/perineal arteries

If blood vessels on top of the ureter are damaged, the ureter itself can be damaged as well.

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15
Q

Nutcracker syndrome
Cause
Clinical

A

Compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and aorta

  • hematuria
  • proteinuria
  • flank pain
  • nausea
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16
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation to the kidney?

A

1) Lesser and least splanchnic nerves (T10-11) synapsing in aorticorenal ganglia
2) Lumbar splanchnic nerve (L1-L2)

17
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation to the kidney?

A

Vagus Nerve via the posterior vagal trunk (right side)

18
Q

What are the two type of nephrons and where are they located?

A

Juxtamedullary nephron - medulla

Cortical nephron - cortex

19
Q

Characteristics of cortical nephrons

Characteristics of medullary nephrons

A

large glomeruli, higher GFR

contains the loops of henle

20
Q

The blood filtered at the glomerulus drains into the ______

A

Bowman’s capsule

21
Q

Together, the glomerulus and the Bowman’s capsule make up the _____

A

Renal corpuscle

22
Q

The _____ and ______ ducts collect the urine from the nephrons

A

Cortical and medullary ducts

23
Q

Identify the External and internal anatomy of the kidneys (pictures on slides)

A

Ok

24
Q

Draw the blood vessels of the kidneys (kidney and nephron level)

A

Ok