lecture 10 - malnutrition Flashcards
what are some principal dietary constituents
energy
protein
minerals
fibre
what happens when there is insufficient carbohydrate
ketosis
what does fat consist of
triglycerides
which essential fatty acids are required for membrane synthesis
linoleic and linolenic
what are proteins a source of
nitrogen
essential amino acids
what are the bulk elements
Na
K
Ca
Mg
Cl
S
P
what are trace elements
other essential elements in nutrition bar bulk ones
why are zinc copper and selenium monitored more
deficiency syndromes associated with them are better established
what are vitamins
organic compounds that majority cannot be synthesised in the human body and must be provided in the diet
what are vitamins essential for
normal processes of metabolism, growth and maintenance of health.
what is subclinical deficiency
depletion of body stores
what is overt deficiency
accompanies by other malnutrition
earlier diagnosis
what are biochemical tests of vitamin deficiency
blood, plasma, erythrocytes, lecocytes tests
direct measurement of vitamin
most common iron deficiency
anaemia
two types of iron in diet
haem (protein associated)
non-haem
absorption of non haem iron facts:
varies from 2-100%
influenced by solubility of iron and iron status
absoprtion of haem iron facts
20-30%
absorbed intact and iron is released in the mucosal cell
what is reccomended amount of iron
man - 5-10mg/day
woman - 7-20mg
sources of haem iron
meat
seafood
sources of non haem iron
nuts
beans
vegetables
what are causes of anaemia
low iron in diet
body changes - preg or lactation
gastrointestinal tract abnormalities
blood loss
what enhances iron bioavailability
vitamin C form non heme
what inhibits iron absorption
cereals
legumes
symtpms of iron deficiency
shortness of breath
fatigue
reduced vitality
pale skin
susceptible to infection
clinical biomarkers of anaemia
haemoglobin
serum ferritin
corpuscular volume
diagnosis of anaemia
complete blood clount:
reduced RBC
normal WBC
elevated platelet count
reduced ferritin
treatment for anaemia
dose of iron 3-6mg
ferrous salts
leafy greens
iron rich diet
