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MEDS 581 - Case Studies in IPH > Lecture 10 - Hospital Acquired Infections > Flashcards

Lecture 10 - Hospital Acquired Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Death from Hospital acquired infections occurs in about ___% of affected patients

A

10

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2
Q

T/F

Medicare covers hospital care aquired conditions

A

F

They do not cover these and are not eligible for additional federal payments

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3
Q

Purpose of Infection Control Committee

A
  • Multidisciplinary team whose goal is to prevent infections in the hospital and performs activies ranging from policy making to surveillance
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4
Q

What are some roles of management when in comes to infection control?

A
  • Establishing a committee
  • identifying resouces to monitor infections and methods to prevent
  • Educating staff
  • Delegating technical aspects to staff
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5
Q

What are some roles of the physician when in comes to infection control?

A
  • Providing care that minimizes infection
  • Follow hand hygiene
  • Advising patients, staff etc on techniques to prevent transmission
  • Complying with recommendation of the committees
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6
Q

What are some roles of nursing when in comes to infection control?

A
  • Senior nurse would participate in committee and promte techniques
  • Nurse in charge of the ward would maintain hygein and monitor aseptic techniques
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7
Q

What is the most common Hospital Acquired Infection?

A

Catheter Associated UTI

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8
Q

What are some bacteria present in Catheter Associated UTIs

A 
E.coli
Enterococcus species
Candida
P. aeruginosa
Klebsiella
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9
Q

How is Catheter-Associated UTI diagnosed?

A

Presence of bacteria in urine

provided that there is a catheter

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10
Q

Bacteria in Catheter-Associated UTI is generally from where?

A

Endo - rectal, vaginal

Exo

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11
Q

Microbial pathogens can enter the urinary tract to cause Catheter-Associated UTI in which two ways?

A
  • Extraluminal route - migration along the outside of the catherter in the periurethral mucous sheath
  • Intraluminal route- via movement along the interneal lumen of the catheter from a contaminated source
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12
Q

What are some sources of contamination for Catheter-Associated UTI?

A
  • Catheter insertion
  • Urine colleciton bag
  • Draining Tube
  • Drainage Port
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13
Q

Ventilator Assoicated Pneumonia

A

A type of pneumonia that develops more than 48 to 72 hours after endotracheal intubatino

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14
Q

What is the time frame for Ventilator Assoicated Pneumonia development?

A

48-72 hours

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15
Q

Most cases of bacteria that cause Ventilator Assoicated Pneumonia are caused by ______________

A

aspiration of endogenous or hospital acquired flora

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16
Q

Which hospital acquired infection has the highest mortality

A

Ventilator Assoicated Pneumonia

17
Q

Ventilator Assoicated Pneumonia is assocated with _____________ and ___________-

A

longer hospital stays;

significant cost

18
Q

Ventilator Assoicated Pneumonia- Microbiology
(bacteria)

Gram negative bacilli

A 
E.coli
Enterobacteria
P. aeruginosa
Klebsiellapneumonia
Acintetobacteria
19
Q

Ventilator Assoicated Pneumonia- Microbiology
(bacteria)

Gram postive cocci

A

S. aureus
MRSA
Stretococcus species

20
Q

What are the endogenous sources of micro-organisms in Ventilator Assoicated Pneumonia

A
  1. Impaired natural protection/clearance that allows increased colonization
  2. Colonized gastric fluid pool
  3. Colonized tracheal secretions
21
Q

Mechanisms for pneumonia

A
  1. Aspiration of colonized fluids into the lungs

2. Hematogenous source seeding into the lungs (blood)

22
Q

Ventilator Assoicated Pneumonia - Prevention strategies

A
  • Elevate bed to 30-45 degress
  • Decontaminate with chlorhexidine
  • Give sedation vacation
  • Consider use of PPI (which can put you at risk for VAP)
23
Q

Surgical site infection facts

A

500,000 infections a year

15-20% HAI

24
Q

Surgical site infection bacteria

A

Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

25
Q

Surgical site infection Antibiotic Prophylaxis

A
  • Giving antibiotics before surgery to reduce burden of microorganisms at surgery site

(CEFAZOLIN)

26
Q

Which antibiotic is usually given as a prophylaxis for surgical site infections

A

Cefazolin

27
Q

Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI)

A

Intravascular device that leads to bacteria in the blood

- 200,000 cases a year

28
Q

Order of mortality rate for HAI

A
  1. VAP
  2. CLABSI (12-25%)
    CAUTI
    SSI
29
Q

CLABSI Prevention

A

Chlorohexidine to prepare insertion site

- Barrier precautions during insertion

MEDS 581 - Case Studies in IPH (10 decks)

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