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FORB201 > Lecture 10 - Forensic Entomology > Flashcards

Lecture 10 - Forensic Entomology Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 early changes that occur after death?

A
  • Algor mortis
  • Livor mortis
  • Rigor mortis
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2
Q

What is algor mortis?

A

Algor mortis is the change in body temperature after death

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3
Q

When and at what rate does the body temperature start dropping after death?

What happens during Algor mortis

A
  • Up to 3 hours, 0.5 degrees per hour
  • Up to 12 hours, 1 degree per hour
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4
Q

What is livor mortis?

A

Garvitational setting of the blood (pooling) after death as the blood is no longer being pumped around the body

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5
Q

What are the stages of livor mortis?

A
  • 5 to 30 mins after death, begins
  • 2 to 20 hours, blood pools
  • 12 to 48 hours, pushable
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6
Q

What is rigor mortis?

A

Stiffening of the muscles of the corpse after death due to the depletion of ATP

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7
Q

What are the stages of rigor mortis?

A
  • 2 to 4 hours: begins
  • 6 to 12 hours: complete
  • 2 to 10 days: release of contraction
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8
Q

What 3 things are chemically broken down during decomposition?

A
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Fat
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9
Q

What do protiens first get chemically broken down into?

A

Peptides and amino acids

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10
Q

What do peptide and amino acids get broken down into?

From proteins

A
  • Sulphur
  • Nitrogen
  • Organic acids
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Phosphor compounds
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11
Q

What do carbohydrates first get chemically broken down into?

A

Glucose

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12
Q

What does the glucose from carbohydrates get broken down into?

A
  • Organic acids
  • Alcohol
  • Aldehydes
  • Ester
  • Ketone
  • Putrefaction gasses
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13
Q

What does fat first get chemically broken down into?

A

Glycerin and fatty acids

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14
Q

What does glycerin and fatty acids get broken down into?

From fat

A
  • Unsaturated and saturated fatty acids
  • Oxygen compounds
  • Nitrogen
  • Phosphor
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15
Q

What are the 5 stages of decomposition?

A
  • Fresh
  • Bloat
  • Active decay
  • Advanced Decay
  • Skeletonised/dry remains
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16
Q

What occurs during the fresh stage of decomposition?

A
  • Circulation fails
  • Blood drains to lower parts of body
  • Discolouration
  • Muscular tissues become rigid
  • Cellular enzymes start breaking down body tissue
17
Q

What occurs during the bloat stage of decomposition?

A
  • Gasses accumulate within body
  • Bloating forces fluids to escape out of wounds
  • Presence of gases and fluids rupture the skin
18
Q

What occurs during the active decay stage of decomposition?

A
  • Maggots and aerobic microorganisms enter body and feed on body tissue
  • Fluid accumulates around body
  • Strong odors
19
Q

What occurs during the advanced decay stage of decomposition?

A
  • Maggots leave the body
  • Increase in soil carbon and nutrients (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and nitrogen)
20
Q

What occurs during the skeletonised/dry remains stage of decomposition?

A
  • All soft tissue is gone leaving dry skin, cartilage and bone
  • Increased plant growth due to nutrients in soil
21
Q

What are 3 characteristics of insects?

A
  • Always have 6 legs
  • 3 main body parts
  • Usualy have wings
22
Q

How do insects choose to arrive at the right stage of decomposition?

A

The smell

23
Q

What is forensic entomology?

A

Use of insects and other arthropods that feed on decayong remains to aid legal investigations (both criminal and civil) based on identification of arthropods collected from or near corpses, their time of settlement and their development

24
Q

How is post mortem interval (PMI) estimated?

A
  • Succession of insect species
  • Insect development (age)
24
Q

How is post mortem interval (PMI) estimated?

A
  • Succession of insect species
  • Insect development (age)
25
Q

Where from the body would forensic entomologist gather insects from?

A

All around and underneath the body

26
Q

What would forensic entomologists do to the insects after collection?

A

Half of them will be killed and the other half would live till adulthood to be identified

27
Q

What are the 6 stages of the blow fly life cycle?

A
  • The egg
  • 3 larval stages
  • Pupa
  • Adult
28
Q

How can we tell how old a larvae is?

A
  • No slits at first instar
  • 2 slits at second instar
  • 3 slits at third instar

Instar: Phase of moulting in the development of an insect larva

29
Q

What factors can effect the PMI estimate?

Post mortem interval

A
  • Time
  • Temperature
  • Humidity
  • Habitat
  • Light
  • Access
30
Q

Which 3 insects usually arrive first to a dead body?

A
  • Blow fly
  • Muscid fly
  • Carrion beetles
31
Q

What 7 insects arrive at the body?

Following the first 3

A
  • Fresh flies
  • Clown beetles
  • Rove beetles
  • Sap beetles
  • Checkered beetles
  • Hide beetles
  • Scarab beetles
32
Q

What is insect succession?

A

When insects colonize a corpse in a predictable sequence (which helps with post moretem interval)

33
Q

Explain locality of death

A

Insects present on the deceased body that are not prevalent to the crime scene can indicate that the victim was murdered elsewhere and was dumed at another location

34
Q

How does intoxication affect insects?

A

Changes speed of larval development

FORB201 (18 decks)

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