Lecture 10

Question 1

What was Athena promacho?

Answer 1

A colossal bronze statue of Athena sculpted by Pheidias

Question 2

What is the Aegis?

Answer 2

A shield that is normally carried by Zeus but sometimes lent to Anthena

Question 3

What temples were in the ACROPOLIS?

Answer 3

• Athena Parthenos
• Athena Polias
• Athena Promachos
• Athena Hygieia
• Athena Nike

Question 4

Who are Hades’ parents?

Answer 4

Kronos and Rhea

Question 5

Hades was the ruler of what?

Answer 5

The dead

Question 6

What are the Epithets of Hades?

Answer 6

▪ Eater of Corpses
▪ Chthonian Zeus
▪ Receiver of many
▪ Swallower of hosts

Question 7

Is Hades the embodiment of Satan?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

In cult what is preferred Hades or Pluto?

Answer 8

Pluto

Question 9

What are the benevolent aspects of Hades/ Pluto

Answer 9

▪ Euboleus

▪ Eukles

Question 10

What is Euboleus mean?

Answer 10

Good counselor

Question 11

What does Eukles mean?

Answer 11

Good reputation

Question 12

What are the iconography of Hades?

Answer 12

▪ Older, bearded 
▪ Staff/sceptre 
▪ Phiale (libation bowl) 
▪ Cypress tree 
▪ Cerberus

Question 13

What is Phiale?

Answer 13

A shallow Greek bowl usually made with a boss in the center and used in ancient times for drinking or pouring libations

Question 14

Who are Demeter’s parents?

Answer 14

Kronos and Rhea

Question 15

What is Demeter the Goddess of?

Answer 15

Mother earth

Question 16

What does Demeter represent?

Answer 16

Civilization vs. nature

Question 17

Who are Persephone’s parents?

Answer 17

Zeus and Demeter

Question 18

What is the iconography of Persephone? (6)

Answer 18

▪ Kore = young woman 
▪ Headdress/Crown 
▪ Throne 
▪ Pomegranate 
▪ Wheat 
▪ Torch

Question 19

As Demeter’s daughter, what is Persephone nature? (4)

Answer 19

Joy, hope, fertility, spring

Question 20

As Hade’s queen, what is Persphone nature? (3)

Answer 20

Awesome, fearful, barren

Question 21

What are the dual aspects of Persephone? (3)

Answer 21

▪ Life/Death
▪ Wife/Virgin
▪ Queen/Maide

Question 22

How did Persephone come by these contradictory functions?

Answer 22

Homeric Hymn to Demeter

Question 23

What is Eleusis?

Answer 23

A city near Athens

Question 24

What is kykeon?

Answer 24

A drink of water and barley

Question 25

Who does Demeter nurse?

Answer 25

Demophoön

Question 26

Who is Demophoön?

Answer 26

Son of King Celeus and Queen Metanira

Question 27

What does the story of Demeter represent symbolically? (3)

Answer 27

▪ Life and death inseparable, renewal of vegetation
▪ Spiritual metaphor: resurrection
▪ Mother-daughter bond

Question 28

What does the story of Demeter represent Aetiologically? (4)

Answer 28

▪ Why droughts and famine happen
▪ The seasons (but complicated)
▪ Why Hades and Persephone are worshipped together ▪ Sanctuary and mysteries of Eleusis

Question 29

What does the story of Demeter represent when it comes to Reflecting and reaffirming Greek social practice? (4)

Answer 29

▪ Agriculture (civilization)
▪ Marriage/courtship
▪ Women’s lives
▪ Grief

Question 30

/Who is Psyche?

Answer 30

The Goddess of souls

Question 31

What does Psyche represent?

Answer 31

▪ breath
▪ soul
▪ spirit
▪ mind, human consciousness (the etymology of “psychology”)

Question 32

Who is Charon?

Answer 32

The ferryman of Hades

Question 33

Who are Charon’s parents?

Answer 33

Nyx and Erebus

Question 34

What is the fee that is paid to Charon?

Answer 34

Sometimes literal, paid in cash with a coin left in the mouth of the dead

Question 35

Who does Odysseus seek advice from?

Answer 35

The dead Tiresias