Lecture 10 Flashcards
Where does Microsporogenesis occur
Microsporangia
Where is Microsporangia located
Anther
How many Meiosis occurs in in each
2
Mother mega/microspore cell undergoes
Meiosis
Male Gametophyte
Pollen Grain
Pollen Grain Protected by
Outer layer (sporopollenin), Inner (cellulose)
Sporopollenin Protection
Resistant to degradation and fossilization
Parts of Pollen Grain
Pollen Tube, Generative Cell
Generative Cell produce?
Male gametes (sperm cells)
Meiosis forms
Tetrad
Megaspore undergoes how many mitosis
3
Megaspore mitosis produces
Polar Nuclei Cell, 7 eggs (1n) and 6 will disintegrate
Pollination: Stigma
Pollen reception, recognition, and hydration
Pollination: Pollen Tube (4)
1: Pollen Tube Reaches Ovule
2: Generative Cell Travels Pollen Tube
3: Generative Cell has Two Sperm (male gametes)
4: Double Fertilization
Double Fertilization n’s XXXXX
Egg cell (n) + Male gamete (n) = Zygote (2n)
Central cell (2n) + Male gamete (n) = Endosperm mother cell (3n)
Zygote Purpose
Embryo (new plant body)
Endosperm Mother cell Purpose
Endosperm: nourishment of embryo during development or germination
Ovule Purpose
Seed coat: protection; seed dispersion
Cotyledons
First part of a plant to emerge from the seed. Formed within the seed along with the endosperm. Botanists classify plants based on the number of cotyledons they have. Provide the initial growth for the plant and as an energy source
Root Apical Meristem
Region within the growing root containing meristematic cells
Shoot Apical Meristem
Region in the growing shoot containing meristematic cells
Number of cotyledons in Angiosperm embryos
of cotyledons found in the embryo is basis for distinguishing the 2 classes of angiosperms, and is the source of the names Monocotyledonae (“one cotyledon”) and Dicotyledonae (“two cotyledons”)
Endosperm Function
Embryo nourishment during development or germination, Protection of the embryo, May impose dormancy on embryos
Seed storage compounds (in the cotyledons or endosperm)
Proteins, Minerals, Carbs, Lipids
Nuclear endosperm developments (2)
Cereals (fill from out in), Arabidopsis (out in puzzle)
Albuminous or Endospermic seed
More Endosperm. If the seed has a large amount of endosperm as a result of its larger synthesis or less utilization until the seed germinates, it is called endospermic or albuminous seed
Exalbuminous or exendospermic seed
More Cotyledons. If the seed uses up most or all of the endosperm much before germination, the seed becomes non endospemouic or exalbuminous. In such cases the food materials are then stored in cotyledons which become larger
Single Flower to Syncarpous Gynoceium to ???
Dry/Fleshy Fruit
Dry Fruit to ???
Dehiscent (burst open), Indehiscent (not splitting when ripe)
What is fruit
Ovary wall
Berry (fleshy)
endocarp and mesocarp fleshy; exocarp skinlike; one to many seeds
Hesperidium (fleshy)
axile placentation; glandular endocarp; derived from superior ovary
Pepo (fleshy)
parietal placentation; derived from inferior ovary
Drupe (fleshy)
generally one-seeded; woody endocarp; fleshy mesorcarp; skin-like exocarp
Pome (fleshy)
derived from inferior ovary; fleshy extracarpellary tissue
Follicle (Dry)
(Dehiscent) derived from 1 carpel; dehiscence through placenta
Capsule (Dry)
(Dehiscent) derived from 2 to many-carpellate syncarpous gynoecium. Varied dehiscence
Achene (Dry)
(indehiscent) one-seeded; pericarp attached to seed coat only at one point
Aggregate of achene fruits
a fruit formed from several carpels derived from the same flower (strawberry)
