Lecture 10 Flashcards

Executive - Legislative relations

1
Q

Parliamentary system

A

Head of government and the Cabinet are dependent on confidence of legislature. The executive is collegial, consisting of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.

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2
Q

Presidential system

A

Head of Government and the State is independent of legislature and cannot be dismissed from office. Executive is steered by one person.

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3
Q

Important qualifications Parliamentary systems

A
  • The head of state
  • Direct election of president
  • Degree of fusion of power (not strong: where you have to give up your seat in parliament when you become a minister)
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4
Q

Important qualifications Presidential systems

A
  • Removal of presidents
  • Power of presidents (in the US the president cannot introduce legislation and can only veto part of a bill, in Russia they can do this all: super presidential system)
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5
Q

Advantages presidential system

A
  • Stability
  • Democratically elected
  • Legislature can fully legislate
  • Limited government
  • Strong leadership
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6
Q

Disadvantages presidential system

A
  • Deadlock between executive and legislature
  • Fixed terms
  • Winner takes all
  • Favours poor chief executives
  • Too much focuses on one person
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7
Q

Semi-presidential system

A
  • A directly elected president
  • Prime Minister & Cabinet answerable to legislature
  • Dual executive
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8
Q

Cohabitation

A

System of divided government that occurs in semi-presidential systems. When the president is from a different political party than the majority of the members in parliament

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9
Q

Single-party government

A

Decided by election results

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10
Q

Coalition government

A

(multi-party systems): usually decided by negotiations between political parties after election

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11
Q

Golden rules for coalition formation (Minimum connected winning coalition)

A
  • Control majority of seats
  • Not include unnecessary partners
  • Have political agreement
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12
Q

Minority governments

A

Social democrats won the elections but are short of the majority but because the opposition was so divided, they were more effective as a minority government

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13
Q

Why create oversized majority coalitions

A
  • More legitimacy to the government
  • Stronger buffer against revolts
  • Extra policy connection (D66 to be between PVV and PvdA)
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