Lecture 10 Flashcards
Broca’s Aphasia
Difficulty speaking, slow/deliberate
Agrammatical, difficulty with complex syntax
Repetition
Damage to Broca’s Area (22)
Pure Word Deafness
Cannot recognize voices/understand language, but can hear
Can lip-read, lip-reading augmented when you also hear the voice
Can speak!
Some language deficits, but not serious
Lesion to area 22 on temporal lobe
Wernicke’s (fluent) Aphasia
Words can be produced easily (“fluent patient”)
Speech can be nonsensical, consists of paraphasias
Severe impairments in understanding
Can be unaware of deficits
Posterior temporal lesions
Anomia
Cannot use the names of things, substitutes “that” or “this”
Circumlocution (use of many words)
Conduction aphasia
Described by Geschwind
Disruption of fibers connecting Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas (through angular gyrus)
Hallmark deficit = problem repeating speech back
Comprehension good
Alexia with agraphia
Can’t read (alexia) or write (agraphia)
Usually left angular gyrus lesions
Alexia w/o agraphia
Can’t read but can write
Can’t read what they just wrote
Lesions to left occipitotemporal cortex
Phoneme
Basic sound unit of language
Approximately 200, English uses 42
Babies can differentiate all
McGurk Effect
Sound influenced by what you see
Information integrated in the superior temporal sulcus
Critical period of language acquisition
Time when you can learn a new language and be as fluent as native speakers
Lasts from 0-7 years
Outer ear
Concha
Pinna
Focuses waves toward eardrum
Middle ear
Eardrum (tympanic membrane)
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Concentrates sound
Inner ear
Cochlea (spiral structure)
Neural receptors (hair cells)
Basilar membrane
Tonotopic organization
Tonotopic organization of cochlea
Base (outside) prefers higher frequencies
Apex (inside) prefers lower frequencies
Tonotopic organization of A1
Anterior (apex) = low frequencies (500 Hz)
Posterior (base) = high frequencies (16,000 Hz)
Remember 500 < 16,000 and A < P (left to right, alphabetical)
