lecture 10

Question 1

behavioral development:

Answer 1

conditioning
-classical
-operant
-observational learning

Question 2

emotional development

Answer 2

eight ages of man

Question 3

cognitive development

Answer 3

4 stages

Question 4

white coat syndrome

Answer 4

classical conditioning (behavioral development)
(environment; pavlov’s dogs)

Question 5

positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
negative punishment
positive punishment

Answer 5

operant conditioning
(behavioral development)

Question 6

consequence of a behavioral is itself a stimulus that can influence future behavior

Answer 6

operant condiitioning
(behavioral development)

Question 7

this increases likelihood of behavior

Answer 7

reinforcement

Question 8

this decreases likelihood of behavior

Answer 8

punishment

Question 9

desired behavior is rewarded (likelihood of behavior is increases)
give praise for good behavior

Answer 9

positive reinforcement

Question 10

unpleasant stimulus is removed as result of behavior (likelihood of behavior increase)

make appt shorter for good behavior

Answer 10

negative reinforcement

Question 11

something is taken away as a result of the behavior

punishment is removal of pleasant stimulus

toy taken away after tantrum

Answer 11

negative punishment

Question 12

behavioral results in an unpleasant stimulus being present

speeding ticket

Answer 12

positive punishment

Question 13

what are most appropraite for dental office

Answer 13

positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

Question 14

-acquisition of behavior by imitation
done in two stages: acquisition and performance (see behavior then doing it)

Answer 14

observational learning
(behavioral development)

Question 15

associated with chronological age but more important and constant is the sequence

Answer 15

emotional development: 8 ages of man

Question 16

-basic trust or lack of trust is developed
-child is usually attached to parents
-have parents there

Answer 16

step 1: development of basic trust (mistrust) 0-18 months

Question 17

-terrible 2’s
-childing is finding independence
-if not their idea, it wont likely happen
-give choices

Answer 17

step 2: autonomy (or shame)
18 months to 3 years old

Question 18

-physical activity and motion
-tons of questions; curious
-important to succeed
-treat away from parents

Answer 18

step 3: development of initiative (or guilt)
3-6 years old

Question 19

-acquiring acedemic and social skills which allow them to compete in an environment where those who produce are recognized
-necessity of working together is realized
-peers becoming more important
-goals set

Answer 19

step 4: industry/mastery of skills (or inferiority)
7-11 years old

Question 20

-adolescene
-realizing one can exist outside of the family
-rejecting parental authority, peer group very important
-motivation is internal(appearance) or external (to get mom off back)

Answer 20

step 5: development of indentity (or role confusion)
12-17 years old

Question 21

-creating close meaningful relationships
-ability to sacrifice and compromise for a relationship

Answer 21

step 6: development of intimacy (or isolation) young adult

Question 22

development of intellectual capabilities
-via assimilation and accommodation
-related to age

Answer 22

cognitive development

Question 23

incorporating events within the environment into mental categories
(child sees something fly>learns its bird> everything that flies in bird

Answer 23

assimilation

Question 24

child changes mental categories to better represent the environment
(learning to distinguish a bird from fly)

Answer 24

accommodation

Question 25

-discover reality of objects -limited ability to project forward or backward -usually arent treating at this age unless pt has disabilities

Answer 25

cognitive development stage 1. sensorimotor development

Question 26

-they use words like adults, they appear to think more like adults than really do -limited association -understand the world through 5 senses -incapable of seeing another person's point of view -apply life to inanimate objects

Answer 26

cognitive development stage 2. preoperational period 2-7 years old

Question 27

-develops ability to see another's point of view -limited but increasing ability to think about abstract things -present concrete directions

Answer 27

cognitive development stage 3. period of concrete operations 7-11 years old

Question 28

-can think about thinking -adolescents thinks that others are thinking about them -self conscious -dont try to change their reality, rather help them better see reality

Answer 28

cognitive development stage 4. period of formal operations 11 years to adulthood