lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Megalosauroidea

A

(incl. spinosaurs)
* Megalosaurus
* Baryonyx
* Spinosaurus

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2
Q

Allosauroidea

A

(incl. carcharodontosauridae)
* Allosaurus
* Carcharodontosaurus
* Giganotosaurus

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3
Q

Megalosaurs

A

Members of megalosauroidea are characterized
by especially long skulls (very long snouts).
- This feature characterizes the megalosauridae but is
even more accentuated amongst spinosauridae.
- We will also see that the teeth of spinosaurs are unique.

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4
Q

Megalosaurus (“great lizard”)

A

was the first dinosaur
discovered and named, following the discovery of a
jaw fragment found in a coal mine in 1824.
- It is known from deposits in England that date to 166 Ma.
- Almost 200 years later and still no complete skeleton has
ever been found.

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5
Q

Megalosauroidea has two main
branches:

A

megalosauridae &
spinosauridae.

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6
Q

The spinosaurids

A

(“spined lizards”)
appear in the Late Jurassic and
persist until the early part of the Late
Cretaceous, an age often informally
dubbed the ‘Mid-Cretaceous’

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7
Q

The megalosaurids lineage dies out by the end of the__________

A

Jurassic.

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8
Q

Spinosauridae

A

Spinosaurs are large, specialized theropods with crocodile-like skulls
and long conical teeth well adapted to a piscivorous lifestyle.
Laterally-compressed jaws thicken and flare at the tip of the snout.

(fish eating theropods)

  • See slide 5
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9
Q

Baryonyx

A

(“heavy claw”)
lived 130-125 Ma in England.
was the first fisheating dinosaur discovered.

We know this from fish tales being discovered in its stomach cavity
Slide 7

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10
Q

Spinosaurus (‘spine lizard’)

A

lived in northern Africa during the
‘mid-Cretaceous’. At one time it was thought to be as long as 17 m
but now the more likely max. length is 14-15 m. New discoveries
have dramatically changed how we think about this dinosaur.

Had a crocodile like tail which heped it move through water

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11
Q

Spinosaurus Holotype

A

In 1912 fossil elements were discovered in
Egypt by German paleontologist Ernst Stromer.
The holotype specimen was formally
described and named in 1915.

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12
Q

Nizar Ibrahim

A

Spinosaurus bones were rediscovered and in 2013 Nizar
Ibrahim and many colleagues excavated the only Spinosaurus
dig site in the world.

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13
Q

Spinosaurus

A

The discovery of skeletal elements of the
tail has led to interpretations of a semiaquatic lifestyle.

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14
Q

Allosauroidea

A

Allosaurs
(Allosauroidea) are
the least derived of
the avetheropods.

Evolutionary novelty
for this clade/group?

Pubic boot

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15
Q

Allosauridae

A

Allosauroidea include the allosaurids of Jurassic North
America, and the carcharodontosaurids of the Early and
‘mid’ Cretaceous southern continents.
¡ Some carcharodontosaurs reached massive size

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16
Q

Allosaurus (“different lizard”)

A

was the apex
predator during the Late Jurassic in North
America, preying on Stegosaurus, ornithopods,
and sauropods.

17
Q

Carcharodontisauridae

A

Some of the largest and most impressive theropods of all
time belong to the carcharodontosauridae clade.

Carcharodontosaurus, Giganotosaurus and
Mapusaurus rival or are even bigger than T-rex.

18
Q

Carcharodontosaurus

A

(“sharp
tooth lizard”) lived during the
‘mid’-Cretaceous Egypt. Fossils
were collected and described by
Ernst Stromer. These initial finds
were also destroyed by WWII
bombings, along with Spinosaurus.

19
Q

Giganotosaurus

A

(jig-e-not-o-saur-us)
(“giant southern lizard”) lived in Patagonia,
Argentina during the ‘mid’-Cretaceous
(~97 Ma).