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Glaciations > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What have the temperature changes been during the Holocene?

A

+ - 1 degree

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2
Q

Is the Holocene more stable compared to other interglacial periods when it comes to temperature, sea level, and ice sheet extent?

A

Yes

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3
Q

How much warmer were the EEmian and Holstein interglacials compared to the Holocene?

A

4 and 3 degrees

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4
Q

How were the sea level during the Eemian and Holstein interglacial periods compared to the Holocene?

A

6-13 and 6-9 meters higher

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5
Q

What temperature variations do records show during the recent 1500 years, prior to the Anthropocene?

A

A maximum of 0.5 degrees temperature variation.

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6
Q

When was the industrial revolution?

A

1750-1820

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7
Q

What does the industrial revolution have to do with global warming?

A

Methods changed from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, steam power, and rise of factory system increased the CO2 emissions.

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8
Q

What happens when sunlight passes through the atmosphere and warms the Earth´s surface?

A

Heat is radiated back toward space.

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9
Q

What absorbs most of the heat that is radiated back toward space from the Earth’s surface?

A

Greenhouse gas molecules

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10
Q

What happens with the heat that is absorbed by greenhouse gas molecules?

A

It is re-emitted in all directions, warming the surface of the Earth and the lower atmosphere.

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11
Q

What are 4 major greenhouse gases?

A

Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
Water vapor

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12
Q

What is the residence time of carbon dioxide?

A

50-200 years

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13
Q

What is the residence time of methane?

A

12 years

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14
Q

How many times more effective in absorbing heat is methane than carbon dioxide?

A

84 times in a 20 years horizon

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15
Q

What is the residence time of Nitrous oxide?

A

110 years

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16
Q

How many times more heat does Nitrous oxide absorb than carbon dioxide?

A

300 times more

17
Q

What does nitrous oxide do with ozone?

A

It depletes it, destroys the ozone layer

18
Q

Which major greenhouse gas has the largest greenhouse effect?

A

Water vapor

19
Q

What is water vapors residence time

A

9 days

20
Q

What is the current concentration of CO2?

A

410ppm

21
Q

How long will it take before the entire Greenland Ice Sheet will be melted, according to predictions?

A

3000 years

22
Q

How much ice will be left on Greenland in 600 years according to some models?

A

65% of ice sheet volume

23
Q

What does the predictions of the Antarctic Ice Sheet in 2500 years tell?

A

That there will be a significant loss of mass from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and in parts from the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, this especially applies for the rcp 8,5 scenario.

24
Q

When is it predicted that the fastest sea level rise from the Antarctic Ice Sheet will be triggered?

A

Between 2100 and 2200

25
Q

How many cm/year of sea level rise from the Antarctic Ice Sheet is predicted to melt between 2100 and 2200?

A

5 cm/year

26
Q

What is the current sea level rise rate?

A

30 cm per century

27
Q

How much sea level equivalent is predicted to melt from the Antarctic Ice Sheet by year 2500 according to RCP 4,5?

A

5 meters

28
Q

How much sea level equivalent is predicted to melt from the Antarctic Ice Sheet by the year 2500 according to RCP 8,5?

A

14 meters

29
Q

Which ice sheet sectors on the Antarctic Ice Sheet is prone to collapse first?

A

The marine ice sheet sectors

30
Q

What has happened to the Amundsen Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet?

A

The grounding line has passed the point of no return, and it has the fastest rate of line migration

Glaciations (11 decks)

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