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Fall '12- Lang Dev Exam #2 > Lecture 10/10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10/10 Flashcards

Preschoolers' developing morphosyntectic skills- PPT

1
Q

Research

What did Turnbull & Justice 2012 say in regards to syntax?

A
  • In their environments, most ch hear simple syntax
  • grammatically good utterances with simple noun phrase and verb structures
  • However, ch who hear complex syntax more in their environments produce greater amounts of complex syntax at an earlier age than ch who hear complex syntax less often
    e. g., “the cat ate her food!”
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2
Q

When do ch master grammatical morphemes?

A

Around 18 mo when they start to put two words together

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3
Q

What are Brown’s 14 grammatical morphemes?

A
  • ing
  • in
  • on
  • s (regular plural)
  • ate
  • ’s (possessive inflection)
  • is, were (uncontractible copula)
  • a, the
  • ed
  • s (regular third person singular
  • has, does
  • is, were (uncontractible auxiliary)
  • ’s, are (contractible copula)
  • ’s, are (contractible auxiliary)
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4
Q

How do we measure morphosyntactic skills?

A
  • we calculate MLU, or mean length of utterance

- instead of counting words, we count actual morphemes (free and bound)

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5
Q

What is MLU?

A

Mean Length of Utterance (number of morphemes in a sentence)

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6
Q

“We wanted to eat cookies” is how many words and how many morphemes?

A

5 words, 7 morphemes

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7
Q

“The three boys wanted five candies” is how many words and how many morphemes?

A

6 words, 9 morphemes

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8
Q

“We played all day with my friend’s toys” is how many words and how many morphemes?

A

8 words, 11 morphemes

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9
Q

“He’s going to cook eggs and bacon” is how many words and how many morphemes?

A

7 words, 10 morphemes

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10
Q

Count the morphemes:

“I need to get my shoes and socks on because the stones will hurt my feet”

A

19

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11
Q

Count the morphemes:

” I will give my old pillow to the poor children so they can sleep better”

A

15

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12
Q

Count the morphemes:

” Madame Blueberry was sad because they didn’t have happy hearts at the Stuffmart”

A

15

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13
Q

What is a phrase?

A

a group of words that is structurally related

e.g., “tall man” “pretty lady”

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14
Q

What is a clause?

A
  • Has a subject and a predicate

e. g., black dog bark, daddy cook, brother watch tv

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15
Q

What is a sentence?

A

A sentence is a clause that is structurally complete

e.g., “the black dog is barking”, “Daddy is cooking”

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16
Q

What is a noun phrase?

A

Sentence role filled by people and objects

e.g., THE BOY is blowing out HIS CANDLES.

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17
Q

What is a verb phrase?

A

Actions or relationships that are central to the sentence

e.g., the girl LIFTS THE BEACH BALL

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18
Q

Identify the noun phrase and verb phrase:

“The little red hen was eating corn.

A

The little red hen= NP

was eating corn= VP

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19
Q

Identify the noun phrase and verb phrase:

“The students are taking notes”

A

The students= NP

are taking notes= VP

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20
Q

Identify the noun phrase and verb phrase:

“the leaves were falling down”

A

The leaves= NP

were falling down= VP

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21
Q

Identify the noun phrase and verb phrase:

“The baby was laughing at the dog.”

A

The baby= NP

was laughing at the dog.= VP

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22
Q

What are determiners?

A

they precede and modify nouns

23
Q

Examples of demonstratives…

A
  • this
  • that
  • these
  • those
24
Q

Examples of ordinals…

A
  • first
  • second
  • third
25
Q

Examples of adjectives…

A
  • blue
  • old
  • fuzzy
  • cool
26
Q

Examples of possessives…

A
  • my

- his

27
Q

What are pronouns?

A

A group of forms that can replace nouns or entire noun phrases

e.g., I, he, she, we, you, it, they

28
Q

What are common pronoun errors ch make?

A
  • me/I
  • him/he
  • her/she
  • them/they
29
Q

What are noun suffixes?

A
  • comparatives
  • superlatives
  • derivational
30
Q

When do preschoolers being to use noun suffixes accurately?

A

Between 3-5 years of age

31
Q

What are comparatives?

A
  • er suffix; comparison between 2 items

e. g., shortER, cleanER, shiniER

32
Q

What are superlatives?

A
  • est suffix; convey conparison amount increase 2 items

e. g., tallEST, brightEST, blackEST

33
Q

What is a derivational noun suffix -er?

A

Changes a verb into a noun that names the person who engages in that action

e.g., teacher, painter, singer, runner, farmer, plumber, thinker

34
Q

What is an action verb?

A

Activity that can be seen (writing, swimming, dancing)

35
Q

What are copula verbs?

A

TO BE verbs that serve syntactically as the main verbs in sentences

e.g., am, is, are, was, were
She IS driving
They ARE vaulting
They WERE running

36
Q

What are state verbs?

A

Express static or unchanging condition

e.g., that tree IS old. The building STANDS next to the tree.

37
Q

What is processing verbs?

A

Internal activity or gradual changes in people or things

e.g., (thinking, hearing, stressing, growing, digesting, learning, believing, dreaming, loving, hating, craving, contemplating, hurting)

38
Q

When do ch master most verb forms?

A

5 years of age

39
Q

What are the 4 types of sentences?

A
  1. Interrogative
  2. Declarative
  3. Passive
  4. Negative
40
Q

What is an interrogative sentence?

A

Asks a question

41
Q

What is a declarative sentence?

A

Makes a statement

42
Q

What is a passive sentence?

A

Noun in subject phrase is passive and is acted on by noun in verb phrase

43
Q

What is a negative sentence?

A
  • Disappearance, rejection, denial
  • Initially, ch put negative first
    Disappearance- all gone kitty
    Rejection- no treat
    Denial- no go poppy
44
Q

What are complex and compound sentences?

A

Independent or main clause- can stand alone

Dependent or subordinate clause- cannot stand alone

45
Q

What is a complex sentence?

A

Has independent clause and dependent clause

46
Q

Identify the different type of clauses in this sentence:

We will go to the party if it is not raining

A

we will go to the party= main/indep. clause

if it is not raining.= subordinate/dep. clause

47
Q

Identify the different type of clauses in this sentence:

I talked to the boy who has red hair.

A

I talked to the boy= main/indep. clause

who has red hair.= subordinate/dep. clause

48
Q

What is a compound sentence?

A

2 independent clauses are linked together by a conjunction

49
Q

Identify the different type of clauses in this sentence:

We ate cookies and they were good.

A

We ate cookies= (main/indep. clause)

and

they were good. = main/indep. clause

50
Q

Identify the different type of clauses in this sentence:

John liked her but she didn’t like him.

A

John liked her= main/indep. clause

but

she didn’t like him.= main/indep. clause

51
Q

What are coordinating conjunctions?

A
  • connect words, phrases, clauses of equal rank
  • Ch develop “and” first
    e. g., so, or, but
  • Coordinating conjunctions are:
    FANBOYS
    For-and-nor-but-or-yet-so
52
Q

Research

What did Rescorla, 2008 ASHA Leader study (sept. 23) involve?

A

Late talkers show language weakness into adolescence

  • She got 2 groups of children
  • 39 typically developing (TD) children
  • 40 late talkers
  • All were 24-31 months of age
  • All were from middle-upper income families
  • TD toddlers were using 230 words and phrases
  • Late talkers (LTs) were using 25 words, and not using phrases
  • All ch had normal receptive lang
53
Q

Research

What did the follow ups show with Rescorla, 2008 ASHA Leader study?

A
  • At 9 and 13 years, LTs scored in normal range on lang and reading tests
  • However, they had significantly weaker lang skills than their TD peers
  • At 17 years of age, LTs had significantly lower scores on measures of vocabulary, grammar, and verbal memory
54
Q

How can we help parents be motivated to seek early intervention for their LTs?

A
  • Talk with parents of success stories
  • Share research
  • We want ch to reach full potential
  • Tx (therapy) is free in the schools
  • Share statistics of success stories

Fall '12- Lang Dev Exam #2 (5 decks)

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