Lecture 1 Week 1

Question 1

Define Anatomy

Answer 1

Structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

Question 2

Define physiology

Answer 2

Function of the body and how the body works

Question 3

Define pathophysiology

Answer 3

What happens to the body when things go wrong that lead to disease

Question 4

Name 11 organ systems of the human body

Answer 4

Digestive system 
Muscular system 
Integumentary system (hair, skin & nails)
Lymphatic system
Endocrine system (hormones)
Nervous system 
Skeletal system
Male reproductive system
Female reproductove system
Respiratory system
Urinary system
Ciculartory system (cardiovascular)

Question 5

Define “anatomical variation” and give two examples.

Answer 5

Variation in position, number or structure of a particular organ or body part. Examples; absence of Palmaris longis muscle (forearm muscle) or a horseshoe shapes kidney or pelvic kidneys.

Question 6

Lost levels of human structure from simplest to the most complex

Answer 6

Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and the human organism

Question 7

Define homeostatis

Answer 7

Maintaining dynamic equilibrium for survival

Question 8

State the three basic components of a feedback loop

Answer 8

Receptor
Control centre
Effector

Question 9

Provide an example of a negative feedback loop and describe role in maintaining homeostatis

Answer 9

Person rises from bed - blood drains from upper body, creating homeostatic imbalance - Barorerceptors above heart respond to drop in blood oressure - baroRereptors send signals to cardiac centre of brainstem - cardiac centre accelerates heartbeat - blood pressure rises to normal & homeostasis is restored

Question 10

Provide example of a positive feedback loop (keep going) and describe its role in normal body function

Answer 10

Blood clotting is a positive feedback loop, it wants the body to keep going to clot the blood to prevent your body from too much blood loss.

Break/tear in blood bessel wall - feedback cycle initiaed - clotting occurs as platelets adhere to site and release chemicals - realised chemicals attract more platelets - clotting proceeds, newly forming clots grow - feedback cycle ends after clot seal breaks.