Lecture 1 Viniculture And Viticulture Flashcards
What is fermentation
Sugar + yeast = alcohol + CO2 + heat
What is wine
Fermented fruit juice
Usually grape
Why use grapes for wine
High sugar
High water
Wine labeling varietal
Grape type
Wine labeling place name
Region
Village
Vineyard
Wine labeling proprietary
Legally protected brand
Wine labeling generic
White
Red
Blush
Rose
What parts of the world use varietal labeling
Usa Oz Nz Chile Art Germany Austria Alsace
What parts of the world use place name labeling
France
Italy
Spain
Portugal
What is proprietary labeling
Use of trademark or brand name
Wine labeling semi generic
Stolen place names
Phased out in Usa
2005 treaty with the eu
Factors in producing quality wine
Grape species Soil Climate Viticulture Viniculture
Grape species used for wine production
Vitis vinifera
Vine wine grape
American species of grape vines
V. Labrusca
V. Catawba
Other vine species
V. Berlandieri
V. Riparian
V. Rupestris
Why graft vinifera vines
Phylloxera vastatrix late 1800’s
Phylloxera bio type b 1980’s
Rootstock solution discovered by
Thomas Munson
Texas solution
Rootstock species used for grafting
Rupestris
Rumania
Clone
Vine that has developed differently from vines of the same variety
Mutating due to climate conditions
Done intentionally by human intervention
Example of unstable grape variety
Pinot noir
Manu mutations
Example of stable grape variety
Cab say
Few mutations
Cross
Derived from 2 different varieties of the same species
Example of a cross
Pinot noir x Cinsault = pinotage
Hybrid
Derived from 2 different species of grapes
Example of a hybrid
Seibel 5656 x seibel 4986 = seibel blanc
Soil considerations
Top soil - drainage
Subsoil - water table
Mineral composition
Nutritional requirements of the vine
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
Other minerals
Climatic temperature zones for growing grapes
30 - 50 degrees latitude north and south
What is mean temp and conditions of 30 - 50 degrees latitude
50 - 69 F mean temp
Moderate days
Hours of sunlight
Rainfall
Terroir
Anything contributing a sense of place to a wine
Macro climate
Meso climate
Micro climate
Terroir macro climate
Sunshine
Temperature
Rainfall
Terroir meso climate
Vineyard
Terroir micro climate
Elevation Slope Exposure Wind Bodies of water Plant and animal life Cultural traditions of region Paw mark of winemaker
Vine cycle basic
Bud break Shoot emergence , foliage, embryo bunches Flowering Partial version Full version
Vine cycle winter
Dormant
Vine pulled back
Bud break
Time of year
March to April north
Sept to oct south
Flowering time of year
May to june north
Nov to dec south
Fruit set
Time of year
June to July north
Dec to jan south
Version
Time of year
August north
January south
Harvest
Time of year
Aug to oct north
Feb to march south
Viticulture variables
Trellising Vine training Canopy management Yields Irrigation Timing and method of harvest Organic biodynamic Lute raisonnee Disease and pests
Examples of pests and diseases
Phylloxera Pierces disease Powdery mildew Downy mildew Fan leaf roll
Guyot training
Used in bordeaux
Designed to restrain yields
3 types of cane training
Guyot
Vertical shoot positioning vps
Double guyot
Vps
Used in new world and nz
Ideal for mechanization
Used in France and Germany with just two Spurs
3 types of spur training
Gobelet
Chablis
Cordon de royat
Gobelet
Ancient technique Italy Rhone Spain Oz
Chablis training
Used for Chardonnay in champagne
Cordon de royat
Used for Pinot noir in champagne
Red wine making steps
Crush Macerate Ferment Press Age Filter and fining Bottle
White wine making steps
Crush Press Ferment Age Filter Bottle
Viniculture variables
Crush/destem or whole cluster pressing Length of maceration/cold soak Wild or cultured Yeats Oak ss or other French american or other oak New used oak Size of cask Light med dark toast Barriques or foudres
Winemaking choices
Ferm temp, controlled? Micro ox Malolactic fermentation Chapitalization acidification Reverse osmosis Spinning come Centrifuge Barrel aging Filtering fining racking cold stablization Bottling
Refractometer
Measures brix of grapes
Brix
Measure of sugar content in a watery solution
Bx
