Lecture 1- Transmission Flashcards
What is a neuron?
The building blocks of the CNS
What are neurons responsible for?
(Incl examples)
Responsible for receiving, processing, transmitting info through body eg sensory processing, coordination, reflexes, decision making
What are neurotransmitters?
Chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons across synaptic cleft.
What is the process of neurotransmitters?
Presynaptic Axon -> Synaptic cleft -> Postsynaptic cell.
What are the 4 types of neurotransmitters?
-Dopamine (DA) eg Amphetamines, cocaine (reward + Excitement)
-Noradrenalin (NA) eg Amphetamines, cocaine (Alertness + feeling awake)
-Serotonin (5-HT) eg Ecstasy
-Acetylcholine (Ach) eg Nicotine
In synaptic transmission, describe AGONISTS
They are positive
-Involves binding to a receptor and activating it to mimic the process if a neurotransmitter
-Promote more production
In synaptic transmission, describe ANTAGONISTS
They are negative
-Involves binding to a receptor but not activating it so as to block role of neurotransmitter
-Prevent production
What are auto-receptors?
Regulate neurotransmitter release and neuronal firing at the neuron terminal and cell body so things aren’t flooded eg thermostat
What do clinical reports say regarding stress in addiction compared to animal studies?
Clinical reports suggest role of stressful life events in relapse, but these are correlational. Controlled animal studies can show cause and effect.
Why are drugs not neurotransmitters?
Drugs are tricking/hijacking neurotransmitter system to become more active and responsive.
What are the 6 ways AGONISTS affect neurotransmitters?
1) Drugs serve as a NT precursor
2) Drug stimulates release of NT
3) Drugs simulate postsynaptic receptors
4) Drugs block reuptake
5) Drugs inhibit NT degradation
6) Drugs block autoreceptors so increase release of NT
What are the 5 ways ANTAGONISTS affect neurotransmitters?
1) Drugs inhibit synthesis
2) Drugs prevent storage of NT in vesicles
3) Drug inhibits release of NT
4) Drug blocks postsynaptic receptors
5) Drug stimulates auto receptors so inhibits release of NT
How do neural signals travel?
Neural signals travel electrically along axons or nerve fibres
Where are auto receptors found?
Found at junctions w/ axon terminals
