Lecture 1: Tissue Evaluation of the Posterior Segment Flashcards
Define “rhegmatogenous”.
Prone to tear/rip, as in a retinal detachment
What is the primary function of the dilated fundus exam (DFE)?
To search for rhegmatogenous conditions, as peripheral fundus abnormalities are missed with direct or indirect monocular.
Which of the following is not an indication of BIO?
A) complaints of flashes and floaters
B) myopia >4.00D
C) Every patient deserves a stereoscopic fundus exam as part of a comprehensive exam
D) systemic diseases such as Lupus or Sickle cell anemia.
E) all of the above ARE indications of BIO
E) all of the above are indications of BIO
People with Down syndrome often have a sensitivity reaction to:
A) tropicamide
B) phenylephrine
C) ophthalmic lubricants
D) proparicaine
A) tropicamide
(T or F) Tropicamide is an anti-cholinergic
True (people with Down syndrome are sensitive to anti-cholinergics)
Which patient has a higher risk of experiencing a vasovagal response in your chair?
A) Bob-who has low blood pressure
B) Sue-who has elevated blood pressure
A) Bob-who has low blood pressure
A vasovagal syncope is a ______ loss of consciousness caused by a ______ cerebral Hypo-fusion as a result of drop in HR and BP (vagus nerve)
temporary, transient (syncope =decrease in blood flow to the brain)
(T or F) Regarding BIO, it is NOT recommended to try to increase the mag by moving closer to the pt
true. If you want a different mag use a different lens.
During BIO, keep condensing lens at ____ inches.
50 cm
You pt is experiencing a vasovagal response due to anxiety and uncertainty of the procedure you were performing. Which of the following would make the situation worse?
A) recline pt and elevate their feet
B) take pt blood pressure and pulse
C) give the pt lots of water
D) guide pt if they try to stand up
C) give the pt lots of water
Choose the most appropriate of the following:
A) Use 1% Tropicamide on brown eyes and 0.5% Tropicamide on light eyes
B) Use 0.5% Tropicamide on brown eyes and 1% Tropicamide on light eyes
C) Color of eye has no bearing on strength of Tropicamide
A) Use 1% Tropicamide on brown eyes and 0.5% Tropicamide on light eyes
Which eye drop blocks sphincter muscle of the iris and ciliary muscle resulting in dilation and moderate cycloplegia?
A) Proparacaine
B) Tropicamide
C) Phenylephrine
D) Visine
B) Tropicamide
Which eye drop is a sympathomimetic that causes mydriasis and also acts as a vasoconstrictor.
A) Proparacaine
B) Tropicamide
C) Phenylephrine
D) Visine
C) Phenylephrine
Which of the following is true?
A) Never use an ophthalmic anesthetic before instilling dilation drops.
B) Only use an ophthalmic anesthetic when using the higher strength of either Tropicamide or Phenyephine.
C) Tropicamide is not a good dilating drop to use on its own, it is weak compared to Phenylephrine, yet combined these 2 work great together
D) Phenylephrine is not a good dilating drop to use on its own, it is weak compared to Tropicamide, yet combined these 2 work great together
D) Phenylephrine is not a good dilating drop to use on its own, it is weak compared to Tropicamide, yet combined these 2 work great together
(you CAN dilate with Tropicamide alone)
(Always use an ophthalmic anesthetic before using either Tropicamide or Phenyephine, regardless of what strength you use)
What are the 2 benefits of using proparicaine prior to the instillation of both Tropicamide and Phenylephrine?
An anesthetic, like Proparicaine, will prevent the sting of the Tropicamide and also opens the corneal junctions for better penetration of dilator drops for maximal dilation.
(T or F) 2.5% Phenyephrine does NOT induce any blur
True (it is also very weak and slow acting and doesn’t produce as much dilation as Tropicamide)
What is the contraindication regarding using Phenylephrine with a hypertensive patient?
Phenylephrine is a vasoconstrictor
(T or F) cycloplegia usually wears of after dilation
False, cycloplegia usually wears off first, especially in young pts (this means that the near blur goes away before the dilation)
(T or F) increasing the dioptric power of the condensing lens will increase the field of view and decrease the mag.
true (also, the lower the power of the condensing lens, the farther from the eye it must be held)
Match the following Diopter lens to its corresponding mag:
(2x, 2.5X, 3x, 4x)
A) 2.2D
B) 15D
C) 20D
D) 30D
A) 2.5X
B) 4x
C) 3x
D) 2x
How many disc diameters would you find in a 20 D lens?
8 DD
(T or F) Field of view is inversely proportional to magnification
True
(T or F) the less reflective surface of the condensing lens, during BIO, should face the patient
false, it should face the dr (the “point of the “V” in volk should face the “patient”)
Your patient is looking straight up, the retinal view you see using your BIO/condensing lens is:
A) superior
B) inferior
C) temporal
D) nasal
A) superior (your patient is looking in the direction you are viewing)
During Bio, your image seen thru the condensing lens is:
A) inverted
B) reversed
C) inverted and reversed
D) neither, the image is seen as it is
C) inverted and reversed
In regards to retinal mapping, describe the 3 concentric circles.
inner=equator, middle=ora serrata, outer=ciliary process
