Lecture 1: the basics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are metabolites?

A

Molecules produced or altered by the cell

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2
Q

What is important between the following factors: DNA, proteins and metabolites.

A

Interplay

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3
Q

Name features of a prokaryotic cell

A
  • Small (1-5 um)
  • Single cell
  • No membrane-enclosed compartments
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4
Q

Name features of a eukaryotic cell

A
  • Large (20 - 50 um)
  • Many are multi-cellulair
  • Membrane enclosed-compartments
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5
Q

Name eukaryotic cell compartments.

A

Nucleus, nucleolus, endoplasmatic reticulum, golgi, mitochondria, lysosomes, transport vesicles, chlorplast

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6
Q

What processes occur in the nucleus?

A

DNA synthesis and transcription (and in the nucleolus RNA synthesis).

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7
Q

How is transport from the cytoplasm into the nucleus made possible?

A

With nuclear pores

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8
Q

Where is the nucleolus responsible for?

A

Ribosome/RNA synthesis and protein quality control

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9
Q

What processes occur in the endoplasmatic reticulum?

A

Protein modification (e.g. proper folding) and transport/sorting

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10
Q

What proteins are inserted i the ER? And what is an exception for these proteins?

A

Membrane proteins. The exception is that only membrane proteins that are assigned to the mitochondrium will not be inserted in the ER.

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11
Q

What component of the eukaryotic cell initiates mitochondrial fission/division?

A

The endoplasmatic reticulum

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12
Q

What processes occur in the golgi apparatus?

A

After proteins have been through the endoplasmatic reticulum, they end up here where they will be modificated (glycosylation), sorted and transported to the fitting organelles.

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13
Q

How do proteins get transported to, from and within the Golgi?

A

By transport vesicles

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14
Q

What processes occur in the mitochondrium?

A

Energy metabolism and fatty acid oxidation

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15
Q

What processes occur in lysosomes and what molecules help with this?

A

There are hydrolytic enzymes in the lysosome that are responsible for degradation processes. Also lysosomes are important in autophagy.

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16
Q

Why are transport vesicles important?

A

They make transport between compartments possible and thus are crucial for distribution of material and information.

17
Q

Why is the cytoskeleton important?

A

It’s important for structure of the cell, cell movement and transport within the cell.

18
Q

Which filaments are involved the cytoskeleton?

A

Microtubuli, keratine and actin

19
Q

What processes occur in chloroplasts?

A

Energy is formed from sunlight and ATP is produced.

20
Q

For the following eukaryotic cell compartments, rank the compartments from smallest to largest:

nucleus, nucleolus, endoplasmatic reticulum, golgi, mitochondria, lysosomes, transport vesicles, chloroplast, ribosomes

A
  • Ribosomes 25 - 30 nm
  • Transport vesicles 30 - 100 nm
  • Lysosomes 0.5-1 um
  • Nucleolus < 1 um
  • Golgi apparatus 2.5 um
  • Chloroplasts 5 - 7 um
  • Nucleus 6 um
  • Mitochondria 0.5 - 10 um