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Biomechanics Exam 2 > Lecture 1 - Subtalar Joint > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Subtalar Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of the Subtalar Joint

A

Allows for shock absorption during gait

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2
Q

Location of Subtalar

A

Articulation between the Talus and the Calcaneus

facets
Anterior
Middle
Posterior

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3
Q

Limits inversion and eversion but mostly eversion

A

Interosseous ligament

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4
Q

Limits inversion

A

Cervical ligament

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5
Q

STJ Axis

A

42˚ inclination from the transverse plane

16˚ medial deviation from sagittal plane

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6
Q

STJ normal motion

A

Almost equal ration of inversion-eversion to abduction-adduction.

Little dorsiflexion-plantarflexion available comparatively

(3:1)transverse and frontal: sagittal

Has triplanar motion due to motion in all planes
Pronation and supination

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7
Q

Open Kinetic Chain

Inversion, plantarflexion and adduction

A

Supination

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8
Q

Open Kinetic Chain

Eversion, dorsiflexion and abduction

A

Pronation

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9
Q

The subtalar joint _____during 1st half of OKC during gait

A

Pronates

-This allows for ground clearance

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10
Q

During last half of OKC it starts to ______

A

Supinate

-STJ is in neutral just before heel strike

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11
Q

At heel strike, STJ is _______

A

Supinated

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12
Q

Closed Kinetic Chain

A
  • during stance phase of gait

- Will only externally see inversion and eversion of calcaneus

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13
Q

Closed Kinetic Chain

Supination

A

Calcaneal inversion
talar dorsiflexion and abduction
Tibial external rotation

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14
Q

Closed Kinetic Chain

Pronation

A

calcaneal eversion
talar plantarflexion and adduction
Tibial internal rotation

Like a cork screw

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15
Q

_____ acts as an extension of the leg and will follow its motion

A

Talus

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16
Q

Internal leg rotation – _______

External leg rotation –_______

A

talar adduction

talar abduction

17
Q

Because talus and leg are proximal to axis, will act ______ motion of the calcaneus

A

Opposite

18
Q

What allows foot to become “mobile adaptor” and allows for shock absorption

A

At heel strike STJ is supinated but quickly starts to pronate

19
Q

During midstance STJ starts to ______ to allow for heel off

A

supinate

  • Foot becomes rigid lever

–> Excessive –> High arch

20
Q

____ allows for shock absorption as foot strikes the ground

A

Pronation

– Excessive –> Pes Planus

21
Q

Point at which STJ is neither supinated or pronated

A

STJ neutral

  • Palpate talar neck and move foot back and forth until it feels equal medially and laterally
22
Q

STJ ROM

Total ROM?
Supination: Pronation?
Degree of Inversion?
Degree of Eversion ?

A

30˚ total ROM

2:1 ratio supination (calcaneal inversion) to pronation (calcaneal eversion)
20˚ inversion
10˚ eversion

23
Q

Calculating STJ neutral through ROM

A

Place prone –> Bisect Calcaneous –> Invert, Evert, –> Add together –> divide by 3 –> subtract from measured EVERSION –> This number is your calculated STJ Neutral

(Total ROM/3) – Eversion = neutral position

24
Q

STJ neutral calculation

___if your STJ Neutal < Eversion

____ if your STJ Neutral > Eversion

A

Varus

Valgus

I + E = Total Range of Motion

Total ROM/3) – Eversion = neutral position

25
Q

Kirby method

Method to map out deviated stj axis?

A

Place STJ neutral –> push medial and lateral until foot doesnt move –> Do at least 3 points
Assumes that the normal STJ axis passes through the posterior-lateral heel posteriorly and through the first intermetatarsal space of the plantar foot anteriorly

26
Q

STJ axis

STJ laterally located: foot _____ more easily

A

supinates

27
Q

STJ axis

STJ medially located (axis passes directly over the medial aspect of the navicular): foot _____more easily

A

Pronate

28
Q

Position of STJ (calcaneus) when patient is fully compensated in midstance

A

Relaxed Calcaneal Stance Position (RCSP)

29
Q

Bisect calcaneus –>
Have patient stand and march in place to get them into angle and base of gait—->
Measure calcaneal bisection in relation to the weightbearing surface

A

Measuring RCSP

30
Q

RCSP

Varus in calcaneous
Valgus?

A

Inverted position

Everted position

31
Q

RCSP

Normal position

A

2˚ varus to 2˚ valgus

32
Q

RCSP

If neutral position >2 but< 10˚, the foot will pronate/evert to maximum rom
If over 10˚ then talar head hits ground and prevents further pronation

A

Rearfoot valgus

33
Q

Position of the STJ (calcaneus) when patient is placed in neutral position while standing

A

Neutral Calcaneal Stance Position (NCSP)

34
Q

Measuring NCSP

A

Bisect calcaneus
Place patient in angle and base of gait
Have patient slowly invert and evert foot until neutral talus is palpated
Have patient hold position
Measure calcaneal bisection in relation to the weightbearing surface

35
Q

Normally tibia in 0-4˚ ____

A

Varus

- Can add this value to STJ neutral to find neutral calcaneal stance position

36
Q

If the pitch of the STJ is higher than normal, where what type of increased motion will be seen?

  • Inversion and eversion
  • Dorsiflexion and
    plantarflexion
  • Abduction and adduction
A

Abduction and adduction

Pitch is axis

37
Q

A patient has 22 degrees inversion, 14 degrees eversion, what is their neutral position?

0 degrees
2 degrees inverted
2 degrees everted
4 degrees everted

A

– 2 degrees everted

38
Q

During CKC pronation, the calcaneus . .

A

Everts

Biomechanics Exam 2 (4 decks)

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