Lecture 1 Slides

Question 0

Plasma membrane

Answer 0

Made from lipids, glycolipids, proteolipids with embedded proteins

Question 1

Extracellular matrix

Answer 1

ECM or cell wall. Deposited by the cell, made from protein, carbohydrate, or combo, may also contain lipids , glycolipids, proteolipids

Question 2

Cytosol

Answer 2

Mostly water with soluble proteins, carbs, nucleic acids, stored food/energy

Question 3

In prokaryotic cells, much of metabolism occurs in

Answer 3

Cytosol

Question 4

In eukaryotic cells, metabolism occurs in

Answer 4

Organelles

Question 5

What does coordination among organelles need

Answer 5

Cytosolic controls

Question 6

What happens in cytosol

Answer 6

Glycolysis
Fermentation
Translation

Question 7

What happens in nucleus

Answer 7

DNA replication

Transcription

Question 8

What happens in mito

Answer 8

TCA cycle

Aerobic respiration

Question 9

What happens in plasma membrane in prokaryotes

Answer 9

Aerobic respiration

Photosynthesis

Question 10

What happens in prok. Cytosol

Answer 10

Glycolysis
Fermentation
TCA cycle
Calvin cycle in Cyanobacteria
DNA replication
Transcription
Translation

Question 11

Taxonomy

Answer 11

Classification, identification and naming of organisms

Question 12

Phylogenetically

Answer 12

Study of the evolutionary relatedness of organisms

Question 13

Traditional taxonomic groups of living organisms

Answer 13

EUKARYOTES
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protista
PROKARYOTES
bacteria
Archaea

Question 14

What are traditional classifications based on? New methods?

Answer 14

Old, morphology and nutrition

New, DNA sequences, genomics

Question 15

Three domains of life

Answer 15

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotes

Question 16

When did root of eukaryotic tree start

Answer 16

1.5a2 B years ago

Question 17

From what are mitochondria derived

Answer 17

Symbiosis of bacterial cell

Question 18

How is the nature of eukaryotic genomes chimeric

Answer 18

Genes for info processing more similar to archaeal genes
Genes for metabolic processes more similar to bacterial genes
Many eukaryotic genes are unique to eukaryotes

Question 19

What is the TACK group of archaea

Answer 19

Have proteins in common with eukaryotes, suggesting first eukaryotes are derived from that group of bacteria

Question 20

Hypothetical model for origin of eukaryotic cell

Answer 20

1. Archeon from TACK loses cell wall
2. Actin cytoskeleton is altered for phagocytosis
3. Phagocytosis of numerous bacteria and archea with transfer of some DNA to the nucleoid
4. Devt of protective membrane system around nucleoid and uptake of bacterial endosymbiont that maintains its independence as the mito
5. Mitochondria multiply in primitive eukaryotic cell

Question 21

What is special about parakaryon myojinensis

Answer 21

Isolated from a Thermal vent in the deep sea off the coast of japan. It has features intermediate bet. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes:

• a single nucleoid bounded by a single membrane and filling 40% of the cell
• no mitochondria
• several endosymbiont a with features similar to bacteria

Question 22

Two eukaryotic clades

Answer 22

Bikont clade (two cilia)
Unikont clade (one cilium and triple gene fusion)

Question 23

Cladistics

Answer 23

Uses quantitative analysis of shared derived characters to classify organisms into groups derived from a last common ancestor

Question 24

Unikont clade divisions

Answer 24

Amoebozoa

Opisthokonta

Question 25

Bikont clade subgroups

Answer 25

Archaeplastida, chromalveolata, rhizaria, excavata