Lecture 1- Self-awareness Flashcards
What is Brewer & Gardener (1996) 3 types of self?
-Individual= personal traits that distinguish you from others (friendly) -Relational= Dyadic relationships that assimilate you to others -Collective= Group membership (academic)
What is self-awareness?
-Physiological state eg feelings, behaviour
-Reflexive thought as ‘fundamental aspect’
-Realisation of being an individual
-Not an innate trait as developed between ages 1-2yrs
What are the 2 types of self?
Private= thoughts, feelings, attitudes
Public= Social image
Describe public self?
Can be seen and evaluated by others and you adhere to social standards to create behaviour
What is chronic self-awareness?
-Very stressful as constantly aware of shortcomings
-Leads to avoidance behaviours eg drinking
What is reduced self-awareness?
Deindividuation, no monitoring of behaviour
What is mindfullness?
Incorporating self awareness as includes acceptance and less reactive
What are the two types of chronically aware (self-conscious)?
Heightened private and Heightened public
What is heightened private?
Intense emotion, accurate self perception and adhering to personal beliefs
Pos=Less stress related illness
Neg= Depression and neuroticism
What is heightened public?
Focus on perception from others, loss of self-esteem, adhere to group norms to avoid embarrassment, concern w/ physical appearance.
What are self-schemas?
-How you act, think, behave
-Important part of self-concept as in diff situations, diff schema nodes are activated
How do schemas develop?
-How it should be=
Describe control theory of self-regulation (Carver & Scheier, 1981)
-Self-awareness to assess whether goals met, private/public standard -Test>operate to change>test>exit
How do schemas develop?
-How it should be=
Describe Self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987)
-Actual (present), Ideal (like to be), Ought (should be) -Motivate change and if fail:
Actual-ideal, dejection eg disappointment Actual-Ought, agitation eg anxiety
How do schemas develop?
-Other individuals=
Describe Social comparison theory (Festinger, 1954)
-Objective benchmark in similar people -For performance generally downward comparison
How do schemas develop?
-Other individuals=
Describe Self-evaluation maintenance (Tesser, 1988)
-Upward social comparison:
Exaggerate target ability, change target, distance self from target, devalue comparison dimension
How do schemas develop?
-Other groups=
Describe Social identity theory (Tajfel and Turner, 1979)
-Personal identity eg unique personal attributes and relationships
-Social identity defines self by group membership such as intergroup behaviour
How do schemas develop?
-Other groups=
Describe Self-categorisation theory (Turner et al., 1987)
-Internalise group attributes to create collective self and social identity
-Meta contrast principle (diffs vs similarities) -If group categorisation too salient then perception of self and other becomes depersonalised.
-BIRGing= basking in reflected glory as want to be associated with the successful
What are the 3 types of self-concept development?
Self Assessment
Self Verification
Self Enhancement
What is self-assessment
Desire for accurate and valid information, seek out truth about self
What is self-verification?
Desire to confirm what they know, seek out self-consistency.
What is self enhancement?
Desire to maintain good image and seek favourable information
Describe individualistic cultures
Independent self
-Autonomous individual, separate from context
-Focus on internal traits
-Acting true to internal beliefs and feelings by promoting own goals/differences
Describe collectivist cultures
Interdependent self
-Connected w/ others and embedded in social context
-Represented in terms of roles/relationships
-Fluid self changing across situations
-Promoting group goals and harmony
What is the difference between self-schematic and schematic?
-Self schematic= important, key aspects.
-Aschematic= not important
