Lecture 1 Positive emotions

Question 1

Positive Organizational Behavior (POB)

Answer 1

Focus on the individual.
What psychological capacities can be measured, developed, and effectively managed for performance improvement.

Question 2

Positive organizational scholarship (POS)

Answer 2

Focus on the workplace. (umbrella term)
What is positive flourishing and life giving in organizations.

Question 3

Positive organizational Psychology (POP)

Answer 3

Do you like your job, boss and co-workers?
Do you want to be a great leader?
Can you use your strengths in your job?
Who & What do you want to be? and will that change in a few years?
Would you like to know how to influence others?

Question 4

Affect

Answer 4

Defined as a broad range of feelings that people experience. Affect can be experienced in the form of emotions or moods.

Question 5

Emotions definition

Answer 5

Universal, short-lived response tendencies

Question 6

Response tendencies

Answer 6

There is a cause for the emotions

Question 7

Emotion characteristics

Answer 7

Caused by specific event.
Very brief in duration.
Specific and numerous in nature.
Usually accompanied by distinct facial expressions.
Action or oriented in nature.

Question 8

Mood characteristics

Answer 8

Cause is often general & unclear.
Last longer than emotions
More general -> two main dimensions comprised of multiple specific emotions.
Generally not indicated by distinct expressions
Cognitive in nature

Question 9

Circumplex model of affective experiences

Answer 9

Valence: positive vs negative
Energy: high vs low

Question 10

Circumplex model of affective experiences: high activation - pleasant

Answer 10

Excited
Enthusiastic
Energized
Happy
Pleased

Question 11

Circumplex model of affective experiences: Pleasant - low activation

Answer 11

Content
Relaxed
Calm
Tranquil

Question 12

Circumplex model of affective experiences: low activation - unpleasant

Answer 12

Sad
Gloomy
Fatigued
Lethargic
Dejected

Question 13

Circumplex model of affective experiences: unpleasant - high activation

Answer 13

Tense
Angry
Irritated
Hostile
Agitated

Question 14

Consequences of emotions (short-lived response tendencies) Negative emotions

Answer 14

Specific action tendency
It gives you focus and narrows your scope -> local attention
Fear -> Flight
Anger -> Fight

Question 15

Consequences of emotions (short-lived response tendencies) Positive emotions

Answer 15

Broad/general action tendency
Happiness -> aimless activity
Interest -> Attention
Look at the bigger picture -> global attention

Question 16

Broaden and Built theory (Frederickson)

Answer 16

Positive emotions are to grow and learn.
Positive emotions: happiness, interest, proudness, love. Broadens cognitive behavioral repertoire and therefore building valuable personal resources.
These personal resources act like a reserve which can be used when confronted with future threats -> positive spiral.

Question 17

Interventions (gratitude)

Answer 17

Gratitude: express it several times a day. Right down 3 positive things each day and why they are positive this leads to more happiness and less depression in 6 months

Question 18

Bad emotions (Baumeister)

Answer 18

Bad things have more impact than good ones
Bad information is progressed more thoroughly than good information
Bad impressions and bad stereotypes are quicker to form and more resistant.

Question 19

What is productive

Answer 19

Output
Time
Quality of work
Number of reported errors
Behavior
Sickness- absenteeism
Organizational, team or individual level

Question 20

Cautionary note

Answer 20

Negative emotions can positively influence performance. It depends on the context and tasks. In a high focus job a negative emotions can help.