Lecture 1 - Pharmacogenetics 1

Question 1

Define pharmacogenetics

Answer 1

how genetic variability influences drug treatment outcomes focused on specific genes

Question 2

Define pharmacokinetics (PK)

Answer 2

movement of the drugs through the body
ADME

Question 3

Define pharmacodynamics (PD)

Answer 3

relationship between drug concentration/dose and response (pharmacologic/toxicologic)

Question 4

Name the drug targets (PD)

Answer 4

Transporters, receptor gated channels, G-protein coupled receptors, enzyme, nuclear receptor

Question 5

Define pharmacogenomics

Answer 5

Broader than the pharmacogenetics but often used interchnageably with pharmacogenetics

Question 6

Define genotype

Answer 6

An individuals collection of genes differences at the genetic level

Question 7

Define phenotype

Answer 7

Observation traits includes observed differences in enzyme/ reactor response

Question 8

Define polymorphism

Answer 8

Genetic forms/morphs that affect PK and PD

Question 9

What can genetic polymorphism affect?

Answer 9

Specific receptors, enzymes, ion channels, transporters for physiological mediators
Alters the amino acid sequence of the protein
Affects how cells interact with that protein
Affects how drugs interact with that protein and your cells
Affects enzyme activity
Affects binding affinities

Question 10

What genes are of particular interest?

Answer 10

Cytochrome p450 enzymes are heme-containing enzymes
Heme binds oxygen and carbon monoxide
Heme binding forms carbon monoxide (the reduced state)