lecture 1 perceptual development Flashcards
define infancy
a period of rapid development - without speech
define 1 month
cant support own head
helpless - attentive to people and world around
mainly motor development
define 4 month
ability to manipulate objects, hold self up and more mobile
improved sensory abilities
define 6 month
more goal directed behaviours
more mobile - roll over etc
ability to explore is improved - become more active and independent
define 9 month
behaviour is more intentional - chose what to explore
define 24 month
speech and language begins to develop
have a mental representational process - greater comprehension of abstract and things that arent present
what is newborn sight like in early age (up to 2 months)?
poorly developed - see objects 30cm away clearly and far sighted - any further and things are blurred
must purposefully adust vision to see into the distance- rapid improvement 4
eye muscles for focusing are weak and retinal membrane for capturing light is not fully matured
limited visual acuity
how does improvements in vision following 2 months help the infant
look at objects from different distances
colour discrimination rapidly becomes adult like
can actively explore the environment
greater at scanning the perceptual environment, navigating, manipulating objects and anticipating future events
describe san and streri 2007
habituate newborn infants to shape or texture
then ask to touch object (and vise versa) without seeing them until habituated to then show similar/different/same object
what were san and streri looking to find
to see if the previous exposure leads to dishabituation in a different domain ie attend to same texture object with different shape for longer and therefore recognise it is different
see if infants can integrate the information received between sensory modalities
san and steri results
VT: dishabituation when see object then touch second different object (better at recog diff textures when see then touch)
TV: dishabituate more when touch shape then exposed to new (reognise diff in shape)
in all cases spend longer with novel than familiar obect suggesting can discriminate accross domains
shape discrimination not bidirectional - transfer TV but not VT
what are the different tastes
bitter sweet sour umami salty
what tastes can infants detect from birth
bitter sweet sour and umami
why is it hypothesised that children cant taste salty flavours from birth
salty taste not developed but becomes present by end of 3-4 months
thought to be due tot he development of salt receptors
- suprising as simple - require na+ VG channels
how can you determine infant taste
facial expressions differ when taste showing they can discriminate between the tastes
ie purse lips to sour, relax to sweet
describe mannella, jagnow and beauchamp group CW
breastfeeding mothers into 3 groups:
1. CW - drink carrot juice 4 days a week for 3 weeks in last trimester and water at breastfeeding
describe mannella, jagnow and beauchamp group WC
- WC - water for last trimester, carrot juice 4 days for 3 weeks during breastfeeding
describe mannella, jagnow and beauchamp group WW
water for last trimester and breastfeeding
what did mannella, jagnow and beauchamp want to investigate
if infants can taste pre birth via amniotic fluid and therefore are influenced by taste preferences pre birth