Lecture 1: Peacemaking in conflict resolution Flashcards
Why is conflict inherent in social relations?
Conflict is a natural part of social interactions, arising from differences in social status and resources.
How does conflict contribute to societal change?
Conflict drives change and presents both challenges and opportunities for societies.
What are the two primary approaches to peacemaking?
Negotiation and Mediation.
What is negotiation?
A communication process where two parties discuss their concerns directly to reach an agreement that satisfies their interests better than their best alternatives (BATNA).
What is BATNA?
Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement; the course of action a party will take if negotiations fail.
What is mediation?
A process involving a third party (mediator) who helps facilitate communication between two conflicting parties.
What is the mediator’s goal?
To transform zero-sum perceptions into non-zero-sum situations and promote cooperative behavior by finding common ground and reframing issues.
Define “positions” in the context of negotiation.
Statements of what each party wants, often in extreme terms, such as “I want $50,000 for this car” or “I’ll pay $1,000 for this car.”
Define “interests” in negotiation.
The underlying reasons for the positions; fundamental demands driving the positions, such as financial security.
What are “needs” in negotiation?
Basic requirements that form the foundation of interests and positions, including tangible needs (food, shelter, security) and intangible needs (autonomy, justice, equal treatment).
What is the primary focus of negotiators?
To protect or advance their interests, with reaching an agreement being secondary.
Why do some parties enter negotiations without looking for an agreement?
Some parties may enter negotiations with no intention to reach an agreement, using the process to delay.
How does a mediator help parties in conflict?
By helping them move from adversarial positions to collaborative problem-solving, and reframing issues to distinguish between positions, interests, and needs.
What is the difference between zero-sum and non-zero-sum situations?
Zero-sum situations have one winner and one loser, while non-zero-sum situations allow for mutual benefits.
