Lecture 1: Organisation of the human body

Question 1

What are the six structural levels of organisation and en example of each?

Answer 1

Chemical -> Atoms and molecules
Cellular -> Smooth muscle cells
Tissue -> Muscle tissue
Organ -> Stomach
System -> Digestive system
Organismal -> The individual

Question 2

What are the 11 body systems?

Answer 2

Integumentry
Muscular
Skeletal
Nervous
Endocrine
lymphatic and immunity
Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive

Question 3

Whats the major component of the integumentry system and its principle function?

Answer 3

Skin and its associated glands

Function: Protective

Also includes: Hair, fingernails and toenails

Question 4

Whats the major component of the muscular system and its principle function?

Answer 4

Skeletal muscles

Principle function: Movement

Question 5

Whats the major component of the skeletal system and its principle function?

Answer 5

Bone

Support and protection(ribs); bone marrow produces RBC or contains FAT

Question 6

Whats the major component of the nervous system and its principle function?

Answer 6

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Function: Produces nerve impulses to regulate the body

Question 7

Whats the major component of the endocrine system and its principle function?

Answer 7

Thyroid gland, pancreas, pineal gland etc

Releases hormones to regulate body activity

Question 8

Whats the major component of the lymphatic and immune system and its principle function?

Answer 8

Spleen, thymus lymph nodes

Defense, transport of lipids (lacteals in villus), proteins and lymphoid cells

Question 9

Whats the major component of the cardiovascular system and its principle function?

Answer 9

Heart, blood vessels (arteries and veins)

Transport of O2, CO2, regulation of water content and temperature

Question 10

Whats the major component of the respiratory system and its principle function?

Answer 10

Lungs

Transfer of O2 and CO2 between blood and air.

Question 11

Whats the major component of the digestive system and its principle function?

Answer 11

Stomach, liver, small intestine, large intestine

Digestion of food, absorption of nutrients and elimination of waste

Question 12

Whats the major component of the urinary system and its principle function?

Answer 12

Kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra

Urine production, storage and elimination, regulation of blood volume, assist in the production of blood cells

Question 13

Whats the major component of the reproductive system and its principle function?

Answer 13

Testis, ovaries, penis, vagina

Production of sperm or oocytes (gametes); hormones, regulate a number of processes

Question 14

What are the four types of tissue in the body?

Answer 14

Epithelial
Connective tissue
Muscle
Nervous tissue

Question 15

Describe what epithelial tissue is and its major functions:

Answer 15

Epithelial tissue lines all surfaces of the body; inside and out. Also forms glands.

Major functions: Protection, filtration (lines kidney tubules), absorption (gastrointestinal tract), excretion (Glands)

Examples of non exclusive.

Question 16

Describe what connective tissue is and its major functions:

Answer 16

Binds, supports and strengthens other body tissues.

Blood and fat are both connective tissues too. So is also a transport system and energy reserve.

** Does contain cells i.e RBC and fibroblasts etc and has many fibers and gel like composition sometimes

Question 17

Describe what muscle is and its major function:

Answer 17

Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle

Generates force to make the body move, pump the heart and circulation

Extra: Smooth muscle regulates blood vessel diameter and thus flow, it also helps gastro movement, etc etc

Question 18

Describe what nervous tissue is and its major functions:

Answer 18

Nervous tissue is responsible for many things including sensation, motor control, autonomic regulation of the body organs (internal sensation, but not conscious)