Lecture 1- Normal versus Abnormal Development Flashcards
How have children been treated in the past?
- Traditionally children treated pretty poorly
- Used as laborers
- Those who were abnormal where shunted to the edge of society, seen as possessed, kept in cages etc.
What does the UN convention say children have the right to?
- Survival
- Develop to fullest potential
- Access to education
- Protection from harm, abuse, and exploitation
- Participate fully in family, cultural and social life
- Have their views, wants, and needs respected
What is the basic idea behind Erikson’s theory of child development?
- Believes children follow various stages in their development
- If something happens to disrupt these stages then their is long lasting negative effects
What is stage 1 of Erickson’s child development theory? When does it occur? What is invovled?
Trust Versus Mistrust
1st year of life
-A feeling of trust is developed in an environment where the child feels physically comfortable and experiences a minimal amount of fear.
-Depends largely on the quality of the parent-child relationship.
-Sets the stage for seeing the world as a safe/pleasant/nice place to live
in.
What is stage 2 of Erickson’s child development theory? When does it occur? What is invovled?
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
1-3 years old
- After gaining trust infants feel safe to assert their autonomy/independence.
- High restraint or harsh punishment during infancy can lead to a sense of shame and doubt in themselves.
What is stage 3 of Erickson’s child development theory? When does it occur? What is invovled?
Initiative vs. guilt
Preschool (3-5 years old).
-Initiative adds to autonomy the quality of undertaking, planning, and attacking a task for the sake of being
active in meeting life’s challenges.
-Developing a sense of responsibility increases initiative.
-Guilt feelings may arise if the child is made to feel irresponsible or too anxious about successfully meeting
challenges.
What is stage 4 of Erickson’s child development theory? When does it occur? What is invovled?
Industry versus inferiority
Middle and late childhood (5-12 years)
- Initiative leads to contact with new info which leads to mastery and knowledge.
- About celebrating successes, teaching then about perspectives on winning and losing. I.e. we all have our strengths
- Teachers play a significant role in a child’s feeling of inferiority/positive sense of self.
What is stage 5 of Erickson’s child development theory? When does it occur? What is invovled?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Adolescence (~12-18 years old)
- The adolescent is newly concerned with how they appear to others.
- Positive identity develops when the adolescent feels they have a clear role and positive path to follow into the future/adult life. There is a clear career/ social agenda to their life (social standing comes into it)
- If a positive future is not identified then role confusion occurs.
What is the ask, say, do method taught in relation to stage 3 if Erikson’s model?
If they can’t describe how they would do say what to do.
If still can’t then do it with them
Pull it back so that eventually only have to ask
In what stage of Erikson’s model of child development does depression and anxiety spike?
Stage 5: Identity vs Role confusion
What act as additive effects in child development?
Peers, school, other family, siblings, parents
What are four contributing factors to the environment a child grows up in?
- Individual (innate way the person responds to the world because of how they were born)
- Family
- Social/ community
- Wider society
What are 5 biological factors that influence child development?
- Genes
- Inutero effects
- Brain structure
- Head injuries/illnesses (e.g., encephalitis)
- Gender
What are 5 Psychological factors that influence abnormal child development?
Temperament • Self-esteem • Coping • Emotion Regulation • Cognitions (thinking influences how we feel about a situation)
What three Psychological factors that influence abnormal child development come under mental health?
Self esteem, coping, emotional regulation
2 children faces with the same event can respond in completely different ways according to individual differences