Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuromuscular System Evaluation and Management > Lecture 1: Neuroplasticity and Motor control > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Neuroplasticity and Motor control Flashcards

1
Q

What Is Neuroplasticity?

A

Adaptive capacity of the central nervous system
• Mechanism by which the brain encodes experience and learns new behaviors
• Mechanism by which the damaged brain relearns lost behavior in response to rehabilitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How Is Neuroplasticity Measured?

A

Animal Studies

  • Cortical map reorganization
  • -intracortical microstimulation
  • Morphological markers of plasticity
  • -Synaptogenesis

Human Studies

  • Cortical excitability and cortical map reorganization
  • -Transcranial magnetic stimulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What Are Exercise-Dependent Plasticity Practice Variables?

A

1) Use it or lose it (task complexity)
2) Use it and improve it
3) Specificity
4) Repetition Matters
5) Intensity Matters (task difficulty)
6) Salience Matters
7) Age matters
8) Transference
9) Interference
10) Time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Use it or lose it

A

failure to drive specific brain functions can lead to functional degradation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Use it and improve it*

A

Training that drives a specific brain function can lead to enhancement of that function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Specificity*

A

the nature of training experience dictates the nature of the plasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Repetition Matters*

A

induction of plasticity requires sufficient repetition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Intensity Matters

A

induction of plasticity requires sufficient training intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Salience Matters*

A

The training experience must be sufficiently salient to induce plasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Use it or lose it

A

failure to drive specific brain functions can lead to functional degradation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Transference

A

plasticity in response to one training experience can enhance the acquisition of similar behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Interference

A

Plasticity in response to ones experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Time

A

different forms of plasticity occurs at different times during training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Intensity Matters/ task difficulty

A

induction of plasticity requires sufficient training intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Salience Matters*

A

The training experience must be sufficiently salient to induce plasticity

must matter to the person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Interference

A

Plasticity in response to one’s experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Functional reorganization of the motor cortex is dependent on

A

Task complexity
• Skill dependent rather than use dependent
• Skill acquisition is more important than movement repetition
• Skill acquisition is more important than strengthening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What induces cortical reorganization, strength training or skill learning

A

Skill learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is TMS

A

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
• Non-invasive method to cause depolarization in neurons of the brain
• Current through the primary coil induces a magnetic field
• TMS applied over Stimulus-response curve motor cortex → contraction of contralateral muscles
• Electrode over muscle in the periphery (biceps) measures motor evoked potentials (MEPs)

20
Q

Neuroplasticity in the damaged brain

A
  • Spontaneous neural recovery
  • Mechanism for spontaneous recovery
  • Recovery from diaschisis
21
Q

Spontaneous neural recovery

A

plastic response to injury that demonstrate functional restoration independent of rehabilitation experience

22
Q

Mechanism for spontaneous recovery:

A

Reversal of acute physiologic changes that occurred from injury
• Lessening of edema
• Reestablishment of pre-morbid neurotransmitter levels
• Reabsorption of blood in cases of hemorrhage

23
Q

What does diaschisis mean

A

Diaschisis: the selective disruptive effect of a focal lesion on the operations of areas with which it was structurally and functionally connected; associated with the acute injury events

(idea of penumbra around a stroke)

24
Q

Windows of ‘Spontaneous Recovery’

A

~1 year for brain injury

~6 months for CVA

25
Q

Neuroplasticity and compensation

A

your neuroanatomy changes to reflect compensatory movements. worsens the repair on affected side because that side is getting lazy.

plasticity of dendrites and synapses was seen in the contralesional motor co

26
Q

What is Motor Control?

A

The scientific field of study concerned with:

  • How all kinds of movements (genetically defined or learned through practice) are controlled
  • How the CNS is organized so that many individual muscles and joints become coordinated
  • How sensory information from the environment and/or from the body is used in the control of movement and how such information allows a person to select and plan an action
27
Q

Movement emerges from:

A

TIME
•Task
•Individual
•Environment

The individual generates movement to meet the demands of the task being performed within a specific environment.

28
Q

What do we as therapists manipulate to help pt with movement

A

The task

29
Q

What do we as therapists manipulate to help pt with movement

A

The task

30
Q

What is an Open Movement Task

A

task is ever changing and unpredictable i.e. Soccer • Requires constant monitoring of the sensory system to alter the motor plan

31
Q

What is a Closed Movement Tasks

A

fixed and relatively predictable environments • Requires less constant sensory monitoring

32
Q

Movement emerges from :The Environment

A

Tasks are performed in a wide range of environments.

CNS must take into consideration the environment

33
Q

What is a Closed Movement Tasks

A

fixed and relatively predictable environments • Requires less constant sensory monitoring

34
Q

What are Regulatory features and examples

A

affects the performance

i.e. the size, shape, and weight of a cup to be picked up and the type of surface on which we walk

35
Q

What are Non -Regulatory features

A

affects performance on a small margin

i.e. background noise and the presence of distractions. Shumway-Cook

36
Q

What systems are apart of motor control

A 
Coordination
Perception, Cognition
ROM
Muscle Tone
Sensation 
Synergy 
Strength
37
Q

What is meant by Movement emerges from The Individual:

A

Motor/Action Systems
• Both the neuromuscular and biomechanical system contribute to functional movement control.
• Strength, balance, coordination, range of motion

• There are a number of joints and muscles that must all be controlled referred as “degrees of freedom problem”

38
Q

What is the relationship between balance and perception?

A

Balance is related to strength and holding tone but also using the visual inputs and proprioception.

39
Q

What is meant by Movement emerges from The Individual:

A

1) Cognitive System

2) Sensory, Perceptual Systems

40
Q

Why must the study of motor control include the study of cognitive processes as they relate to perception and action.

A

There are different ways we process and perceive information

41
Q

Cognitive system includes

A 
includes: 
• attention 
• planning 
• problem  solving 
• motivation
  • All above must be considered as it relates to the patient’s intent or goals (Subjective)
  • Study of motor control must include the study of cognitive processes as they relate to perception and action.
42
Q

Why is sensation and perception are essential to the control of functional movement.

A

Perception is the integration of sensory impressions into psychologically meaningful information.
• Perception is subject to interpretation
• Sensory/perceptual proprioception critical to the regulation of movement.

43
Q

What is the ventral stream processing

A

“What pathway” / Perception pathway

From the striate cortex to the inferior temporal cortex

44
Q

What is dorsal stream processing

A

“Where pathway”/ Action

projects form the parietal region and mediates the sensory motor

45
Q

What is visual agnosia and which pathway would be affected

A

inability to recognize the size, shape and orientation of visual objects

affects the “what pathway”

Neuromuscular System Evaluation and Management (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions