Lecture 1 - Natural environment

Question 1

Earthquakes

Answer 1

Helice (372), Rhodes (227), Pompeii (62)

Question 2

Volcanoes

Answer 2

Mt Etna and the Phlegrean fields

Question 3

Produce of Greece

Answer 3

cereal, vines, olives and herding animals.

Question 4

Resources

Answer 4

Silver at Laurion, marble at Pentelikon, Naxos, Thasos

Question 5

Laudes Italiae

Answer 5

Alluvial gold and copper, iron and marble.

Question 6

Oikumene

Answer 6

the inhabited world

Question 7

Elemental forces

Answer 7

Thales of Miletus - the earth rests and moves of primeval waters. The earth is a living body, like a human body.

Question 8

The Anthropocentric universe

Answer 8

nature exists to serve the human race, moralising comments on ‘misuse’ refer to the attempt to fulfil human desires.

Question 9

The Apennines - spine of Italy

Answer 9

Tyrrhenian side more fertile than Adriatic, volcanic silt carried onto the plains, Tiber and Arno are navigable rivers.

Question 10

Water and the divine

Answer 10

Ritual purification, Tutelary deities, prophetic powers on the drinker.

Question 11

Trees

Answer 11

symbolised renewal of life, belief that spirits lived in them.

Question 12

Mountains

Answer 12

Wild nature, temples or natural cave sanctuaries to the Gods connect with nature, for example Zeus as the weather God.