Lecture 1 - Leadership

Question 1

What are the learning outcomes of the lecture on effective leadership?

Answer 1

Knowledge of recent research on leadership styles, understanding the relationship between transactional leadership and innovation, knowledge of the four factor model of transformational leadership, recognition of situational factors in leadership effectiveness.

Question 2

What are the three main leadership styles discussed?

Answer 2

• Transformational leadership
• Transactional leadership
• Situational leadership

Question 3

Define transformational leadership.

Answer 3

Leadership from the front, inspirational, autocratic.

Question 4

Define transactional leadership.

Answer 4

Structured leadership involving ‘you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours’, bribery and persuasion, and punishments and rewards.

Question 5

What role does situational leadership play?

Answer 5

The style depends on the situation, requiring both transformational and transactional leadership based on complexity.

Question 6

How does transactional leadership affect innovation?

Answer 6

It can stifle innovation by emphasizing group maintenance over group change.

Question 7

What is emotional labour?

Answer 7

The level of self-monitoring required for a job.

Question 8

What did Liu, Liu & Zeng (2011) find about transactional leadership and group innovativeness?

Answer 8

• Contributes to innovativeness if emotional labour demand is low
• Hinders innovativeness if emotional labour demand is high

Question 9

What are the four factors of transformational leadership according to McCleskey (2014)?

Answer 9

• Idealized influence
• Inspirational motivation
• Intellectual stimulation
• Individualized consideration

Question 10

What does Fiedler’s Contingency theory state?

Answer 10

Situational control depends on leader-member relations, task clarity, and leader’s intrinsic power.

Question 11

True or False: Transformational leadership tends towards a Kantian ethical view.

Answer 11

True.

Question 12

What is the difference between Kantian and Utilitarian ethical views in leadership?

Answer 12

• Kantian: Emphasizes fundamental human rights
• Utilitarian: Focuses on mutual self-interest

Question 13

What are the two views of corporate social responsibility?

Answer 13

• Shareholder view: Maximize profitability
• Stakeholder view: Obligations to various stakeholders

Question 14

What did Groves & La Rocca (2011) find regarding leadership style and corporate social responsibility?

Answer 14

Transformational leadership is associated with stakeholder views, while transactional leadership aligns with shareholder views.

Question 15

What is romanticised leadership according to James Meindl?

Answer 15

A biased view of leadership that simplifies complex group events by focusing on leadership.

Question 16

What are the seven main themes identified for effective virtual leadership?

Answer 16

• Training and development
• Trust
• Emotional Intelligence
• Communication, Team building and Technology
• Employee recognition and emotion
• Leadership styles
• Virtual Leadership competencies unique to higher education

Question 17

What is a key component of successful virtual leadership?

Answer 17

Trust.

Question 18

What did Alward & Phelps (2019) find about training in virtual leadership?

Answer 18

No formal training was received; leaders drew on past experiences.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: Transformational leadership is strongly associated with _______ values.

Answer 19

deontological

Question 20

What is the ‘dark side’ of transformational leadership?

Answer 20

Tyrannical control of the group.

Question 21

True or False: Transactional leadership is based on ethical duties.

Answer 21

False.

Question 22

What is the implication of a stakeholder view for companies?

Answer 22

They should employ transformational leaders.

Question 23

What did Ensari and Murphy (2003) demonstrate about company success?

Answer 23

Success is readily attributed to the leader.

Question 24

What critique did Barrick et al. (1991) make about romantic leadership?

Answer 24

Leader impact is too stable to be merely a psychological effect.

Question 25

Which leadership style is often preferred in independent versus interdependent cultures?

Answer 25

In independent cultures, transformational leadership is often preferred, while in interdependent cultures, transactional leadership is more common (Den Hartog et al., 1999)

Question 26

What does Burns (1978) criticize about transactional leadership?

Answer 26

Burns (1978) sees transactional leadership as involving temporary, shallow exchanges for personal gain rather than true cooperation, describing it as an advantage seeking and potentially exploitative process.

Question 27

What is the "dark side" of transactional leadership?

Answer 27

Transactional leadership can involve exploitation through skilled negotiation, where leaders manipulate rewards and agreements for personal or short-term advantage.

Question 28

According to Hogg and Vaughan (2018), what is essential for good leadership?

Answer 28

A strong, positive relationship with the group is essential for good leadership.

Question 29

What underpins transactional leadership?

Answer 29

Transactional leadership is based on exchange and agreement- leaders and followers enter into a reciprocal arrangement of rewards for performance.

Question 30

What kinds of rewards do leaders offer in transactional leadership?

Answer 30

Leaders may offer tangible rewards (e.g., money) as well as intangible rewards (e.g., status, recognition, career opportunities

Question 31

How can leaders become popular with their group?

Answer 31

They can: 1. Conform to the group's norms 2. Be (or appear to be) democratically elected 3. Demonstrate competence ' 4. Be seen to identify strongly with the group

Question 32

How do transformational and transactional leadership differ in focus?

Answer 32

Transformational leadership focuses on inspiring and motivating through vision and personal influence, whereas transactional leadership centers on exchanges, agreements and rewards

Question 33

What is emotional labour?

Answer 33

Emotional labour involves managing and displaying certain emotions as part of one's work role, regardless of one's actual feelings

Question 34

Why does a receptionist's job typically involve high emotional labour?

Answer 34

A receptionist must maintain a bright, welcoming demeanour to customers at all times, even if their true emotions differ.

Question 35

Why might emotional labour requirements differ among jobs?

Answer 35

Certain roles require consistent public interaction and a positive image, while others primarily involve task-focused work with limited customer contact.