Lecture 1 Language of Parasitology

Question 1

Symbiosis

Answer 1

the association (temporary or permanent) between two organisms of different species. Each member is called a symbiont. 5 types

Question 2

5 types of symbionts

Answer 2

Predator-prey; phoresis; mutualism; commensalism; parasitism

Question 3

predator-prey

Answer 3

a short term relationship in which one symbiont benefits at the expense of the other

Question 4

phoresis

Answer 4

smaller member is mechanically carried about by the larger member

Question 5

mutualism

Answer 5

both are benefited

Question 6

commensalism

Answer 6

one partner benefited one partner nothing

Question 7

parasitism

Answer 7

implies metabolic dependency. one member lives on or in the other and may cause harm

Question 8

parasitiasis

Answer 8

association between 2 organisms of different species in which one is potentially pathogenic, but does not cause outward signs of disease. (healthy cattle on pasture harbor gi parasites but no disease shown)

Question 9

parasitosis

Answer 9

one organism injures the other and produces outward signs of disease.

Question 10

erratic/aberrant parasite

Answer 10

parasite that has wandered into an organ or tissue in which it does not normally live

Question 11

incidental parasite

Answer 11

host in which it does not normally live

Question 12

facultative parasite

Answer 12

capable of living free or as parasite

Question 13

obligatory parasite

Answer 13

must live as a parasite only

Question 14

periodic parasite

Answer 14

makes short visits to host to obtain nourishment or other benefit

Question 15

psuedoparasite

Answer 15

object that is mistaken for a parasite (pollen grain in fecal)

Question 16

definitive host

Answer 16

the host that harbors the adult, sexual or mature stages of the parasite

Question 17

intermediate hosts

Answer 17

host that harbors the larval asexual or immature stages

Question 18

paratenic (transport) host

Answer 18

parasite does not undergo any further development usually remaining encysted until eaten by the definitive host

Question 19

reservoir host

Answer 19

vertebrate host in which a parasite occurs naturally and which is a source of infection for humans and their domestic animals

Question 20

homoxenous/monoxenous parasite

Answer 20

only has one type of host- definitive host

Question 21

heteroxenous parasite

Answer 21

more than one type of host (definitive, intermediate)

Question 22

infection/infestation

Answer 22

internal/external parasite

Question 23

stenoxenous

Answer 23

narrow host range (only infect chickens)

Question 24

euryxenous

Answer 24

has a wide host range

Question 25

hyperparasitism

Answer 25

parasite infecting parasites

Question 26

zoonosis

Answer 26

any disease that is transmissible from lower animals to human beings

Question 27

prepatent period

Answer 27

time from infection of a parasite until diagnostic stages can be recovered from the host

Question 28

patent period

Answer 28

time period in which the parasite can be detected (eggs, oocysts, cysts, larvae, trophozoites) usually in feces urine or blood in definitive host

Question 29

hypobiosis

Answer 29

ability of nematodes to arrest their development and go dormant for a variable period of time

Question 30

direct/indirect lifestyle

Answer 30

no intermediate/yes intermediate

Question 31

ways they can injure their hosts

Answer 31

feed on blood, lymph, exudates
feed on solid tissue
compete with host for food
mechanical obstruction of organs
produce pressure atrophy
destroy host cells by growing inside them
produce various toxic substances
allergies
inflammation, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, nodules
neoplasty
carry diseases and other parasites
reduce resistance

Question 32

the helminths general breakdown

Answer 32

kingdom animalia
phylum platyhelminthes
-flatworms
-trematoda (fluke) and cestodes (tapeworm)
-in cesotda: order cyclophyllidea- true tapeworm
order psuedophyllidea- psuedotapeworm

phylum nematoda- roundworms

phylum acanthocephala- thorny headed worms