Lecture 1 - Introduction to Nutrients Flashcards
what is sports nutrition?
SN is a specialization within the nutrition field that requires knowledge of both nutrition and exercise science that goes beyond general health and wellness
at it’s core, what is the point of sports nutrition?
SN includes the balance between energy expenditure (that is required by exercise) and the energy intake that is vital to support these activities
two key features of physical activity
- it increases the rate of energy (i.e. caloric) expenditure
- it increases the rate of fluid loss via sweat
what are the three main function of nutrients
- promotion of growth and development
- supplying energy
- regulation of metabolism
What are the major categories of nutrients?
Macronutrients (present in relatively large amounts in diet)
- carbohydrates
- fats
- protein
- water
Micronutrients (present in minuscule amounts in diet, absorb less than 1% a day)
- vitamins
- minerals
- trace elements
explain essential vs non-essential nutrients
Non essential nutrients
- can be synthesized within the body from precursors
Essential nutrients
- cannot be synthesized in the body
- over 40 types
- are required in the diet for health, growth and survival
- are needed for some critical functions throughout life; absence or inadequate intake can result in disease, deficiency, and ultimately death
conditionally essential nutrients
- CEN are normally non essential nutrients that become essential under certain conditions
- CEN must be supplied exogenously to specific populations that do not synthesize them in adequate amounts
- the deficiency can be the result of a defect in the synthesis of a certain nutrient, or a temporary increased need for that nutrient (i.e. glutamine in burn patients)
what is the goal of the Canada’s food guid recommendations?
- its recommendations are ultimately intended to help individuals improve and maintain overall health and reduce their risk of developing a chronic disease
2019 Canada’s food guid recommendations
- half the plate is fruits and veggies
- a quarter is proteins
- another quarter is whole grains
- drink of choice is water
DRIs
the dietary reference intakes are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes used for planning and assessing diets for health ppl
- Estimated Average requirement (EAR)
- Acceptable macronutrient distribution rage (AMDR)
- recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
- adequate intake (AI)
- tolerable upper intake level (UL)
SEE SLIDE 21 TO SEE HOW THEY ALL FIT IN WITH EACHOTHER
RDA
Recommended dietary allowance
- the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet nutrient requirement of nearly all healthy ppl (97%-98%) in a particular life stage and gender group
AI
Adequate Intake
- a recommended intake value based on observed or experimentally determined approximations of nutrient intake by group (or groups) of healthy ppl that are assumed to be adequate, which are used when RDA cannot be determined
UL
Tolerable Upper Intake Level
- the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects for almost all ppl in the general population
- as intake increases above UL, the potential risk of adverse effects increases
EAR
Estimated Average Requirement
- a daily nutrient intake value that is estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy ppl in a life stage and gender group
- used to assess dietary adequacy and as the basis for the RDA
how/why can analyzing dietary intake be helpful
- the avg. intake in a group of athletes can be studied, and the data can be used in conjunction with biochemical and anthropometric data to inform them of the adequacy of their diet
- dietary intake data can also be used in conjunction with a medical report or to explain the incidence or prevalence of health problem
- these measures can be used for educational purposes