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Lifespan & Development > Lecture 1-introduction To Lifespan > Flashcards

Lecture 1-introduction To Lifespan Flashcards

1
Q

3 Age related changes ?

A

Universal- biological
Group specific- cultural
Individual differences- unique/unshared

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2
Q

7 development of lifespan

A

Long life
Multi dimensional
Multi directional
Plastic
Contextual
Involves growth, maintenance , regulation of loss
Coconstructs biology, culture and individual

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3
Q

3 designs use to study related changes

A

Cross sectional- age group/ cheap
Longitudinal-follows individuals/expensive
Sequential-combination if cross sectional and longitudinal

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4
Q

6 diff methods to collect data

A 
Case study
Interview
Observation
Psychological testing
Survey
Physiological measures
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5
Q

7 paradoxes of human development

A 
Development vs non development
Macroscopic vs microscopic
General vs particular
Activity vs passivity
Biological vs environmental
Continuity vs discontinuity
Cognitive vs affective
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6
Q

4 primary groups of psych theories

A

Psychodynamic-Freud/Ericskson
Behaviourist-skinner/bandura
Cognitive-Piaget/kohlberg
Biological-Chomsky/bowlby

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7
Q

2 Psychodynamic-origins of development

A

Freuds 5 psychosexual development

Ericksons 8 psychosocial theories

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8
Q

5 Freuds psychosexual stages of development

A 
Oral-18 mos-weaning
Anal -4 y/o -toileting
Phallic- 7y/o- gender identity
Latent-puberty-learning
Genital-puberty onwards-genital intercourse
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9
Q

8 Ericksons psychosocial theory

A 
trust vs mistrust-hope/1 yo
autononomy vs shame and doubt-will/3yo
initiative vs guilt-purpose/6yo
industry vs inferiority-competence/12yo
identity vs role confusion-fidelity/18yo
intimacy vs isolation-love/30 yo
generativity vs stagnation-care/old age
ego integrity vs despair-wisdom/old age
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10
Q

Behaviourist Theories

A

development through learning

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11
Q

4 Theorists of behavioural

A

Ivan pavlov
John Watson
BF Skinner
Albert Bandura

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12
Q

5 Primary Constructs

A 
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
reinforcement
self efficacy
observational learning
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13
Q

Cognitive Theories

A

Development thru thinking

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14
Q

3 Theorists of cognitive

A

Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
Lawrence Kohlberg

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15
Q

4 Piagets cognitive development stages

A

sensorimotor/reflex base/0-2 yo
pre operantional/self oriented and ego centric/2-7yo
concrete operational/more than one view point/7-12yo
formal operantional/thinks abstract,reasons theoretically-not all reach this stage/ 12 and up

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16
Q

Lev Vygotsky

A
  • children interaction with social world rather than physical world
  • language before cognition
  • individuals converse with words (social) before they began to think (private).
  • cognitive is influenced by the language of their culture.
17
Q

3 Lawrence Kohlberg theory of moral development

A

level 1 pre conventional : stage 1 punishment / stage 2 rewards
level 2 conventional : stage 3 good behaviour / stage 4 obedience to authority, importance of doing ones duty.
level 3 post conventional : stage 5 difference between moral and legal right-rules can be broken / stage 6 principles of conscience

18
Q

Biological Theories

A

development through physiological processes

19
Q

Bowlby’s attachment theory

A
  • biologically predisposed to form relationships with other humans to ensure our survival.
  • early relationships establish a mental model of relationships that guides behaviour
20
Q

Contemporary life span theories

A

focus on adult years

21
Q

2 Contemporary lifespan theorists

A

Daniel Levinson

Paul Baltes

22
Q

Daniel Levinson

A
  • adult period consists of regular alternation between periods of: stable functioning (life structures) / developmental upheaval (transitions)
  • life goals and activities are re-evaluated during the transitions
23
Q

Paul Baltes

A
  • lifespan development balances lose and gains

- losses predominate over gains in latter half of lifespan

24
Q

3 Baltes development processes (SOC)

A 
selecting = particular abilities
optimising = abilities thru practice and new technologies
compensating = for losses of other abilities by finding ways to accomplish tasks.
25
Q

puberty

A
  • adolescents physical development and psychological ramifications
  • capable of sexual reproduction
  • physical changes occur stage from childhood to adulthood
  • signals commencement to adulthood
26
Q

5 primary physical manifestations of puberty

A
  • rapid accelaration of growth
  • development of primary sex characteristics
  • development of secondary sex characteristics
  • changes in body composition
  • changes in circulatory and respiratory systems.
27
Q

3 hypotheses attempt to explain psychological effects of pubertal timing

A
  • deviancy hypothesis
  • stage termination hypothesis
  • adult status hypothesis
28
Q

deviancy hypothesis

A

pubertal timing has an impact by changing the adolescents status relative to his peers.SUPPORTED

29
Q

stage termination hypothesis

A

early maturers do not have as much time to complete developmental tasks of middle childhood. PARTIAL SUPPORT

30
Q

adult status hypothesis

A

advantages or disadvantages of early or late maturation depend upon the status that awaits the adolescent when he/she becomes adult.PARTIAL SUPPORT

31
Q

REVIEW THE THEORISTS/SUMMARISE THEIR FOCUS

TUTS 1

A 
ALBERT BANDURA
ERIK ERIKSON
JEAN PIAGET
PAUL BALTES
DANIEL LEVINSON
SIGMUND FREUD

Lifespan & Development (5 decks)

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