Lecture 1 - INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards
focuses on the intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human
functioning across the life span, in varying cultures, and at all socioeconomic levels.
Clinical Psychology
(APA, 2012a)
APA Division 12 Definition of Clinical Psychology
The term clinical psychology was first used in print by … in 1907
Lightner Witmer
Witmer envisioned clinical psychology as a discipline with similarities to a variety of other fields, specifically …, …, and ….
medicine, education, and sociology.
integrates science, theory, and
practice to understand, predict, and alleviate maladjustment, disability, and discomfort as well as to promote human adaptation, adjustment, and personal development.
The field of Clinical Psychology
APA Division 12 Definition of Clinical Psychology
THREE MODELS OF TRAINING
- Scientist-practitioner model (or Boulder model)
- Practitioner-scholar model (or Vail model)
- Clinical-scientist model
THREE MODELS OF TRAINING
- Emphasizes both practice and research.
- Graduates should be able to competently practice (e.g., therapy, assessment) and conduct research
SCIENTIST-PRACTITIONER MODEL (BOULDER MODEL)
Created in 1949 at a conference in Boulder, Colorado of directors of clinical psychology training programs
THREE MODELS OF TRAINING
- Emphasizes Clinical practice over research.
- Yields the Psy.D. degree (not the traditional Ph.D.)
- Proliferated in recent years
PRACTITIONER-SCHOLAR MODEL (VAIL MODEL)
Created in 1973 in a conference in Vail, Colorado
THREE MODELS OF TRAINING
- A subset of Ph. D. institutions who strongly endorse empiricism and science
- Tend to train researchers and practitioners strongly.
CLINICAL-SCIENTIST MODEL
Emerged in 1990s, primarily as a reaction against the trend toward practice represented by Vail model
WHAT DO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS DO?
A variety of activities, but psychotherapy is most common.
True since 1970s
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST VS. OTHER PROFESSIONALS
Tend to see less seriously disturbed clients
Counselors
Clinical Psychologists often see disturbed clients.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST VS. OTHER PROFESSIONALS
Tend to endorse humanism more such as personal growth, self-actualization, empathy.
Counselors
Clinical Psychologists endorse behaviorism more.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST VS. OTHER PROFESSIONALS
Little emphasis on psychological testing or research
Counselors
Clinical Psychologists prioritizes psychological testing and research.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST VS. OTHER PROFESSIONALS
May specialized in career or school counseling.
Counselors
Clinical Psychologists specializes in more clinical settings.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST VS. OTHER PROFESSIONALS
Go to medical school and are *physicians.
* diagnoses, treats, and prevents illnesses and injuries
Psychiatrists
Clinical Psychologists have degrees in psychology. They study research and evidence-based practices instead of medicine. Cli-Psy can also diagnose mental health conditions.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST VS. OTHER PROFESSIONALS
Can prescribe medication, manage treatment, and provide psychotherapy. They can also use other medical interventions.
Psychiatrists
Clinical Psychologists focus on psychotherapy and counseling to help people manage mental health issues. They use psychological theories and research.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST VS. OTHER PROFESSIONALS
Tend to emphasize social factors in client’s problems
Socioeconomic status, education, financial situations, etc.
Social Workers
Clinical Psychologists diagnose and treat mental health issues through therapy
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST VS. OTHER PROFESSIONALS
Typically earn a master’s degree
Social Workers
Clinical Psychologists typically earn a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) or Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) in psychology
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST VS. OTHER PROFESSIONALS
Training emphasizes treatment and fieldwork over research or formalized assessment
Social Workers
Clinical Psychologists emphasizes research and formalized assessment over treatment and fieldwork
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST VS. OTHER PROFESSIONALS
primarily work with children and adolescents in school settings
School psychologists
Clinical psychologists can work with individuals of all ages.
