Lecture 1 - Introduction (not used) Flashcards
Define Trait
Relatively enduring disposition that exerts a consistent influence on behaviours
Define State
The response or reaction to a situation an individual is in at that given time
What is more observed wrt personality
Trait vs State
State personality
Steyer et al., 1999
What is more linked to wellbeing wrt personality
Trait vs State
State
Magee & Biesanz, 2017
What is more linked with trait wrt personality
Nature vs Nurture
Nature
Informed by collectivist cultures (Way & Lieberman, 2010)
What is linked with state wrt personality
Nature vs Nurture
Nurture
Explored in great depth within developmental psychology
possibly do some wider reading to find a citation
Define Continuity
Behaviour over time
link it to Allport’s definition of personality
Define Uniqueness
The distinctiveness of a person’s behaviour
Define consistency
How a person behaves across situations
What does Freudian theory say about personality
Personality is shaped by forces deep within the mind that we are unaware of
What are the aspects of personality according to Freudian theory
- Conscious
- Preconscious
- Unconscious
- Repressed
Iceberg
What are the 3 aspects of personality according to Freudian theory
- Id
- Ego
- Superego
Define Id
Freudian theory
- Responds to basic biological instincts
- Driven primarly by pleasure seeking
Define Ego
Freudian theory
- Manages the Id and Superego
- Difficult to balance both which often results in anxiety
- Copes using defence mechanisms
Define Superego
Freudian theory
Internalisation of approved/disapproved behaviours (social morality)
What are the stages of personality development according to Freudian theory
- Oral
- Anal
- Phallic
- Latent
- Genital
What is the Oral Stage
Freudian theory
- 0-1 year
- Learning to use the mouth
- Id and Ego develop
Problems at this stage can lead to aggression
What is the Anal Stage
Freudian theory
- 1-3 years
- Learning how to use the anus
- Id and Ego develop
Problems during this stage can lead to obsessiveness
What is the Phallic Stage
Freudian theory
- 3-6 years
- Discovering genital pleasure
- Superego develops
Problems during this stage lead to self-obsession
Latent Stage
Freudian theory
- 6 years-puberty
- Dormant libido
- Superego continues to develop
Problems during this stage can lead to insecurity
What is the Genital Stage
Freudian theory
- Puberty-adulthood
- Sexual maturity
- Battle between Id, Ego, Superego
Problems during this stage lead to sexual dysfunction
Learning Theory
Little Albert (Watson & Raynor 1920)
Skinner’s box (Skinner idk when)
Humanistic Theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Watch the recording, an hour and a half in
