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HSS 1100 > Lecture 1 - Introduction > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Micro

A

Small

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2
Q

Bio

A

Life

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3
Q

Logy

A

Study of science

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4
Q

Immunology

A

Study of our protection from foreign macromolecules or invading organisms and our response to them

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5
Q

Classes of Organism

smallest to largest

A

Viruses
Mycoplasma
Bacteria
Parasites

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6
Q

Viruses

A

Grow in living cells

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7
Q

Mycoplasma

A

Grow on non living media

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8
Q

Bacteria

A

Unicellular

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9
Q

What is “Small”?

A

1 - 2 Microns

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10
Q

How do you write names?

A

First name: Capitalized

Second name : Italicized

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11
Q

The difference between a virus and bacteria

A

Answer

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12
Q

Viruses

What are the made of?

A
  • Nucleic acid (rNA or DNA)

- Surrounded by a capsid

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13
Q

VIruses

How to the take over?

A

Attach, inject nucleic acid, highjack synthetic processes inside cells to more more viruses, package, get out.

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14
Q

Bacteria

What are they mad of?

A
  • Rigid cell wall
  • Genetic material
  • No nucleus
  • Both RNA and DNA
  • Binary Fission
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15
Q

Eukaryotes

A
  • Unicellular and multicellular animals and plants

- Genetic material is organized into a nucleus

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16
Q

Are all Bacteria bad?

A

NO

  • Biotechnology
  • Spoilage of foods
  • Bio remediation
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17
Q

Can we live without bacteria?

A

NOO

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18
Q

Micro Flora

A
  • Found in small and large intestines
  • Classified as resident or transient
  • Also found on skin
19
Q

Resident Bacteria

You are not born with it?

A

No

- Develops after 14 days

20
Q

Where should there be NO bacteria?

A
  • Brain
  • Blood
  • Lower Respiratory System
  • CNS
  • Male reproductive system
21
Q

What can flora do for us?

A
  • Help digest
  • Produce enzymes
  • Make Vitamin K and B8 (Main one)
22
Q

Mechanical Barriers

A
  • Skin
  • Saliva
  • Mucous
  • Hair
  • Tears
23
Q

When you take antibiotics you have to do what?

A

Eat live probiotics because antibiotics are often non specific, therefore you destroy your flora. Then the probiotic will take up space.

24
Q

How does infection occur?

How do the bad guys get in?

A
  • Inhalation

- Contaminated food

25
Q

Once in side, how does infection take place?

A
  • Adherence
  • Toxin Production
  • Opportunistic
  • Compromised host
26
Q

Bacteraemia

A

Bacteria in your blood

27
Q

Septicaemia

A
  • Blood poisoning

- Can be a result of bacteria in the blood

28
Q

In order for microbial disease to occur

A
  • The must enter, live, and multiply
29
Q

Colonize

A

Establish and multiply

30
Q

Clinical infection

A
  • Disease can result when damage occur to the host
  • Easy to recognize
  • Symptomatic
31
Q

Contamination

A

Deposition without multiplication

32
Q

Sub-Clinical DIsease

A
  • Hard to diagnose

- Asymptomatic

33
Q

How do we determine how dangerous a bacteria is?

A
  • Pathgenicity
  • Virulence
  • Opportunistic
34
Q

Pathgenicity

A

Ability to cause disease

35
Q

Virulence

A

Relative capacity to cause damage

36
Q

Opportunistic

A

Do not normally cause disease, but can do so when defence mechanism are breached or compromised

37
Q

Pathogenesis of infectious disease

Two things that must happen

A
  • Microorganism (invader) tries to multiply/ invade and cause disease (#2)
  • Host tries to prevent #1
38
Q

Transmission

A
  • Inhalation
  • Ingestion
  • Break in protective barrier
  • Direct deposite
  • Pathgenicity
  • Invasiveness
39
Q

Invasiveness

A
  • adherence, persistence, avoidance of Immune system)
40
Q

How does a pathogen adhere?

A

Must adhere, evade and invade

41
Q

Tools used to achieve adherence

A
  • Surface structures (pili)
  • Capsule
  • Enzymnes
42
Q

Toxigenicity:

Two classes

A

Exotoxins

Endotoxins

43
Q

Exotoxins

A
  • Excreted by living things
  • Specific affinities
  • Thermolabile
  • Potent
44
Q

Endotoxins

A
  • Liberated when cell was is destroyed
  • Less specific, causes fiver malaise and shock
  • Thermostable
  • Less potent than exotoxins
  • Found on the inside of a bacteria

HSS 1100 (9 decks)

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