Lecture 1 - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Micro

A

Small

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2
Q

Bio

A

Life

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3
Q

Logy

A

Study of science

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4
Q

Immunology

A

Study of our protection from foreign macromolecules or invading organisms and our response to them

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5
Q

Classes of Organism

smallest to largest

A

Viruses
Mycoplasma
Bacteria
Parasites

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6
Q

Viruses

A

Grow in living cells

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7
Q

Mycoplasma

A

Grow on non living media

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8
Q

Bacteria

A

Unicellular

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9
Q

What is “Small”?

A

1 - 2 Microns

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10
Q

How do you write names?

A

First name: Capitalized

Second name : Italicized

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11
Q

The difference between a virus and bacteria

A

Answer

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12
Q

Viruses

What are the made of?

A
  • Nucleic acid (rNA or DNA)

- Surrounded by a capsid

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13
Q

VIruses

How to the take over?

A

Attach, inject nucleic acid, highjack synthetic processes inside cells to more more viruses, package, get out.

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14
Q

Bacteria

What are they mad of?

A
  • Rigid cell wall
  • Genetic material
  • No nucleus
  • Both RNA and DNA
  • Binary Fission
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15
Q

Eukaryotes

A
  • Unicellular and multicellular animals and plants

- Genetic material is organized into a nucleus

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16
Q

Are all Bacteria bad?

A

NO

  • Biotechnology
  • Spoilage of foods
  • Bio remediation
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17
Q

Can we live without bacteria?

A

NOO

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18
Q

Micro Flora

A
  • Found in small and large intestines
  • Classified as resident or transient
  • Also found on skin
19
Q

Resident Bacteria

You are not born with it?

A

No

- Develops after 14 days

20
Q

Where should there be NO bacteria?

A
  • Brain
  • Blood
  • Lower Respiratory System
  • CNS
  • Male reproductive system
21
Q

What can flora do for us?

A
  • Help digest
  • Produce enzymes
  • Make Vitamin K and B8 (Main one)
22
Q

Mechanical Barriers

A
  • Skin
  • Saliva
  • Mucous
  • Hair
  • Tears
23
Q

When you take antibiotics you have to do what?

A

Eat live probiotics because antibiotics are often non specific, therefore you destroy your flora. Then the probiotic will take up space.

24
Q

How does infection occur?

How do the bad guys get in?

A
  • Inhalation

- Contaminated food

25
Once in side, how does infection take place?
- Adherence - Toxin Production - Opportunistic - Compromised host
26
Bacteraemia
Bacteria in your blood
27
Septicaemia
- Blood poisoning | - Can be a result of bacteria in the blood
28
In order for microbial disease to occur
- The must enter, live, and multiply
29
Colonize
Establish and multiply
30
Clinical infection
- Disease can result when damage occur to the host - Easy to recognize - Symptomatic
31
Contamination
Deposition without multiplication
32
Sub-Clinical DIsease
- Hard to diagnose | - Asymptomatic
33
How do we determine how dangerous a bacteria is?
- Pathgenicity - Virulence - Opportunistic
34
Pathgenicity
Ability to cause disease
35
Virulence
Relative capacity to cause damage
36
Opportunistic
Do not normally cause disease, but can do so when defence mechanism are breached or compromised
37
Pathogenesis of infectious disease | Two things that must happen
- Microorganism (invader) tries to multiply/ invade and cause disease (#2) - Host tries to prevent #1
38
Transmission
- Inhalation - Ingestion - Break in protective barrier - Direct deposite - Pathgenicity - Invasiveness
39
Invasiveness
- adherence, persistence, avoidance of Immune system)
40
How does a pathogen adhere?
Must adhere, evade and invade
41
Tools used to achieve adherence
- Surface structures (pili) - Capsule - Enzymnes
42
Toxigenicity: | Two classes
Exotoxins | Endotoxins
43
Exotoxins
- Excreted by living things - Specific affinities - Thermolabile - Potent
44
Endotoxins
- Liberated when cell was is destroyed - Less specific, causes fiver malaise and shock - Thermostable - Less potent than exotoxins - Found on the inside of a bacteria