Lecture 1 - Introduction Flashcards
Characteristics of NCDs
5
Complex etiology Multiple risk factors Prolonged course of illness Often incurable Mostly preventable
Types of NCDs
9
Diabetes Cardiovascular Disease Chronic neurologic disorders Chronic Respiratory Disease Mental illnesses Unintentional injuries Cancers Autoimmune disease Musculoskeletal disease
Modifiable Risk Factors
4
■ Tobacco use ■ Insufficient physical activity ■ Harmful alcohol consumption ■ Excess salt/sodium intake
Non-Modifiable Risk Factor
5
■ Socioeconomic factors ■ Gender ■ Age ■ Family history ■ Race
**Four major NCDs are responsible for 70% of NCD
deaths
- Heart disease
- Cancer
- Lung Disease
- Diabetes
2011 UN Political Declaration on NCDs
In September 2011, world leaders agreed on a roadmap of concrete commitments to address the global burden of NCDs
■ The set of actions is organized around six OBJECTIVES
WHO Global NCD Action Plan 2013- 2020
Goal:
■ To reduce the preventable and avoidable burden of morbidity, mortality and disability due to NCDs by means of multi-sectoral collaboration and cooperation at national, regional and global levels
■ Serves as a guide for Member States by providing policy guidance to help achieve progress on the 9 global NCD targets
The WHO Global NCD Action Plan 2013-2020 has six objectives
Objective 1: Strengthen international cooperation and advocacy
Objective 2: Stretnghtn national capacity, leadership, and partnerships
Objective 3: Reduce exposure to modifiable risk factors
Objective 4: Strengthen and orient health systems
Objective 5**: Promote and support national capacity for high quality research and devlopment
Objective 6: Monitor trends and evaluate profress in their prevention and control
Current challenges and suggestions
■ Countries can move from political commitment to action by prioritizing high-impact,
affordable interventions
■ All countries need to set national NCD targets and be accountable for attaining them
■ Structures and processes for multisectoral and intersectoral collaboration need to
be established
■ Investment in health systems is critical for improving NCD outcomes
■ Institutional and human resource capacities and financial resources for NCD
prevention and control require strengthening
Current challenges
■ High level commitment and concrete action plans are missing at the national level in many countries
■ Prevention and control programs remain underfunded
■ Strong health-care systems, including the information systems needed for reliable surveillance and monitoring, and the full engagement of non-health sectors, industry, civil society, and other partners
■ The overarching message is optimistic: current evidence unequivocally
demonstrates that non-communicable diseases are largely preventable
**Order these NCDs in order of mortality:
Cancer Cardiovascular Diabetes Respiratory diseases Other NCDS
- Cardiovascular
- Cancer
- Other NCDs
- Respiratory diseases
- Diabetes
**What are some of the main objectives of the WHO
Objective 3: Reduce MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS
Objective 4: Strengthen HEALTH SYSTEM
Objective 5: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Objective 6: MONITOR HEALTH TRENDS
**Countries can move from political commitment to action by prioritizing _______-
high-impact,
affordable interventions
**All countries need to set national ________ and be accountable for attaining them
NCD targets
**Structures and processes for multisectoral and intersectoral ________ need to
be established
collaboration
**Investment in _______ is critical for improving NCD outcomes
health systems
**Institutional and human resource capacities and financial resources for NCD
___________ require strengthening
prevention and control
**Prevention and control programs remain _____
underfunded
**High level commitment and concrete action plans are ______ at the
national level in many countries
missing
**Strong health-care systems, including the information systems needed
for reliable __________, and the full engagement of
non-health sectors, industry, civil society, and other partners
surveillance and monitoring
**The overarching message is optimistic: current evidence unequivocally
demonstrates that non-communicable diseases are ________
largely preventable
Approxiamately ___% of all NCD deaths globally occur before the age of 70 years old?
42%
Total NCD deaths by WHO region from highest to lowest
- Western Pacific Region
- South East Asia Region
- European Region
- Americas
- Africas
- Eastern Mediterranean
What is the deadline for the 9 voluntary targets set by the WHA?
2025
What is the set date for the 6 action plans from WHO?
2020
There is a plan to target a ____% reduction in premature mortality form NCDs by 2025
25
We want a 25% reduction in what:
- Overall mortality from CVD
2. BP rate
We want a 10% reduction in what:
- Alcohol reduction
2. Insufficient physical activity
We want a 30% reduction in what:
- Tabacco use
2. Salt intake
We want a 50% reduction in what:
- Increase of people getting drugs
2. Diabetes rise
