Lecture 1 - Introduction Flashcards
What are granulocytes?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
What are soluble factors of the innate immune system?
What about the adaptive?
Innate:
• Antimicrobial proteins
• Complement
• Cytokines
Adaptive:
• Antibodies
What are some pattern recognition receptors?
- TLRs: toll-like receptors
* RLR
What are the cells of the innate immune system?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- NK cells
- Macrophages
- Dendritic cells
What is the role of a monocyte?
Becomes a macrophage
What are the cells of the adaptive immune system?
- B cells
* T cells
What are the different types of T cell?
- ‘helper’ T cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh, Treg)
* CTL: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
What are the primary lymphoid organs?
What is occurring here?
- Thymus
- Bone marrow
Production and early selection of B and T cells
What are the secondary lymphoid organs?
What happens here?
- Lymph nodes
- Tonsils
- Spleen
- Peyer’s patches
This where mature, naive lymphocytes reside and encounter their antigen
Why is Koch important?
Demonstrated that microbes cause disease
Why is Jenner important?
Performed first vaccination
Why is Ehrlich important?
Proposed existence of antibodies in serum
Why is Miller important?
Discovered the function of the Thymus, and its importance in adaptive immunity
Why is Mechnikov important?
Proposed that cells mediate immunity
What did Doherty discover?
MHC molecules present antigen to antibodies
What did Janeway discover?
Pattern recognition theory
What is happening in rheumatoid arthritis?
The body’s immune system is attacking cartilage in joints
Compare the time frame of innate and adaptive immune response
Innate: very fast
Adaptive: takes days to kick in
Describe lymph circulation
- Interstitial fluid drains into lymphatics
- Pass through a lymph node (exposed to lymphocytes)
- Lymphatic duct
- Returned to venous circulation
Why is the lymph node important?
It is a reflection of everything that is present in the periphery
What is the major difference between the thymus and the bone marrow?
Bone marrow: gives rise to B cells forever
Thymus: completes production of T cells by the age of 15
How did B and T cells get their name?
B: Bursa of the Fabricius
T: Thymus
Describe the features of Peyer’s patches
Organised lymphoid nodules in the gastrointestinal tract
• Ileum
Part of adaptive immune response
Cells:
• B cells: in follicles
• T cells: in intrafollicular zones
• DCs
