Lecture 1: Intro to Plant Propagation Flashcards
Cultivar
must be clearly distinguishable by specific characteristics and it must retain these characteristics when propogated
Seed propagation
- much cheaper and easier to perform than vegetative propagation
- involves the process of meiosis
- leads to genetic recombination and variability in resulting seedlings
Vegetative propagation
relies only on mitosis and is not variable
Self-pollinated plants
provide uniform offspring and makes it easy to retain cultivar from seed
Cross pollinated plants
provides variable offspring
Self-incompatible, out crossing plants
need to be grown in isolated areas to retain “cultivar” so only the improved population intercrosses
Hybrid seed
cross of two inbred lines and seedlings are uniform but only the first generation
Apomictic seed
clonal propagation by seed
Genotype
genetic makeup of organism
Phenotype
observable characteristics
Locus
position of a gene on a chromosome
Allele
form of the gene at a particular locus
Homologous chromosome
similar in loci but may differ in alleles
Dioecious
having separate male and female plants(perfect flowers)
Monoecious
having male and female imperfect flowers on separate parts of the same plant
Incomplete and complete
refer to a flower that is missing or has all of the four major parts of the flower: sepals, petals, stamen, and carpels
Hybrid vigor
when breeders cross two different inbred-lines and plant yields higher than either of their parents
Apoxmixis
- exception to the rule that propagation by seed creates variability
- meiosis does not occur like normal and an asexual seed is produced
