⭐ LECTURE 1: INTRO TO PHARMA Flashcards
Study of the actions of drugs on the living system
PHARMACOLOGY
any chemical that affects the processes of a living organism
DRUG
done in the laboratory on experimental animals (rodents and non rodents)
EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY
type of pharmacology done on human subjects (normal or deceased)
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Detailed study of drugs
PHARMACOLOGY
Science of identification, selection, preservation, standardization, compounding and dispensing of medical substances
PHARMACY
use of specific drugs to prevent, treat, or diagnose a disease
- two functional areas:
1. Pharmacokinetics
2. Pharmacodynamics
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS
Study of how the body absorbs, distributes, and eliminates the drug
PHARMACOKINETICS
Analysis of what the drug does to the body
PHARMACODYNAMICS
Science of poisons
- measurement and detection of poisons
- treatment of poisoning
TOXICOLOGY
Deals with the generic basis for drug responses
PHARMACOGENETICS
Effect of drugs upon microorganisms and parasites, living and multiplying in a living organism
CHEMOTHERAPY
An official code containing a selected list of the established drugs and medicinal preparations with description of their physical properties and tests for their identity, purity and potency
PHARMACOPOEIA
Medication chemically binds to specific sites called receptor sites
DRUG ATTACHMENT
DRUG ATTACHMENT: chemical fits at the receptor site well
AGONIST
DRUG ATTACHMENT: chemical blocks another chemical from getting to a receptor
ANTAGONIST
DRUG ATTACHMENT: attach to the receptor but only produce a small effect
PARTIAL AGONIST
BASICS OF DRUG ACTION: expected response of a medication
Side effects – known and frequently experienced, expected reaction to drug
DESIRED ACTION
BASICS OF DRUG ACTION: unexpected, unpredictable reactions that are not related to usual effects of a normal dose of the drug
ADVERSE REACTION
When one drug alters the action of another drug
DRUG INTERACTION
When 2 drugs are given together and double the effect is produced
Eg. Alcohol + Aspirin = Pain relief
ADDITIVE EFFECT
When 1 drug interferes with the action of another drug
Eg. Protamine sulfate to counteract heparin toxicity
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT
When one drug replaces another at the drug receptor site, increasing the effect of the 1st drug (synergistic effect to the 1st drug)
1st drug has no longer full effect on the body; 2nd drug replaces the site of the 1st drug
DISPLACEMENT EFFECT
When 2 drugs mixed together in a syringe produce a given chemical reaction
Eg. Protamine sulfate + Vitamin K = No effect on the body
INCOMPATIBILITY
When 1 drug promotes the rapid excretion of another, thus reducing the activity of the 1st drug
INTERFERENCE
When the effect of 2 drugs taken at the same time is greater than the sum of each drug given alone
Eg. Diuretics + Adrenergic blockers = lower the BP
Eg. Proximide + Carvedilol = lowers the BP
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT
What are the SEVEN sources of drugs?
Plants, Animals, Minerals, Microorganisms, Semisynthetic, Genetic Engineering/DNA Recombinant Tech
Identify the source of the drugs:
Alkaloids: Morphine, Atropine, Quinine, Reserpine, Ephedrine
Glycosides: Digoxin, Digitoxin
PLANTS
Identify the source of the drugs:
Insulin and Heparin
ANIMALS
Identify the source of the drugs:
Ferrous sulphate and Magnesium Sulphate
MINERALS
Identify the source of the drugs:
Penicillin, Streptomycin, Griseofulvin
MICROORGANISMS
Identify the source of the drugs:
Hydromorphone and Hydrocodone
SEMISYNTHETIC
Identify the source of the drugs:
Aspirin and Paracetamol
SYNTHETIC
Identify the source of the drugs:
Human insulin, Human Growth Hormone (GH), and Hepatitis B Vaccine
GENETIC ENGINEERING
What are the CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS?
CHEMICAL NATURE, SOURCE, SITE OF ACTION, MODE OF ACTION, THERAPEUTIC USE, PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PHYSICAL EFFECTS, TYPE OF ACTION
DRUG NOMENCLATURE: Technical description of the actual molecule
CHEMICAL NAME
DRUG NOMENCLATURE: Proprietary Name” “Trade Name”
Name under which the product is marketed
BRAND NAME
DRUG NOMENCLATURE: “Official Name” “Nonproprietary Name”
Official medical name
Often derived from the chemical name
GENERIC NAME
CHEMICAL NATURE: Metals and their salts – Ferrous sulphate, Zinc Sulphate, Magnesium Sulphate
Non metals – Sulphur
INORGANIC DRUGS
Alkaloids – Atropine, Morphine, Strychnine
Glycosides – Digitoxin, Digoxin
Proteins – Insulin, Oxytocin
Esters, Amide, Alcohol, Glycerides
ORGANIC DRUGS
