Lecture 1 - Intro To Pathology

Question 1

Where and when

• looking at number affected
• disease occurrence and spread
• -epidemic = more cases than normal for that area
• -pandemic = when it crosses into different countries

Answer 1

Epidemiology

Question 2

Underlying cause

-infectious, idiopathic, iatrogenic

Answer 2

Etiology

Question 3

Name that condition..what caused it?

• Formal name used to describe a patient’s disease.
• Based on signs, symptoms, and the results of diagnostic tests.
• Requires knowledge of different diseases and their characteristics.
• important for management and prognosis

Answer 3

Diagnosis

Question 4

Source of disease is medical professional or medical procedure; in course of treatment, we caused it

Answer 4

Iatrogenic

Question 5

Unknown cause or source

Answer 5

Idiopathic

Question 6

Infections disease that is acquired from a hospital-type setting

Answer 6

Nosocomial

Question 7

The disease process; process and mechanism of ‘how this is happening’

Answer 7

Pathogenesis

Question 8

Study of disease, especially changes in cells/tissues/organs that cause or are caused by disease

Answer 8

Pathology

Question 9

Functional change that accompany a particular syndrome or disease

Answer 9

Pathophysiology

Question 10

Term used to describe what the doctor measure/sees/finds in the patient

Answer 10

Sign

Question 11

Term used to describe what the patient tells the doctor is happening; “I’be been vomiting for 3 days”

Answer 11

Symptom

Question 12

Relatively rapid onset and short duration; not necessarily severe

Answer 12

Acute

Question 13

Disease that is lasting for a long duration

Answer 13

Chronic

Question 14

What is the approximate timing for a disease to be labeled chronic?

Answer 14

3 months or more

Question 15

How many chronic diseases are preventable?

Answer 15

7/10

Question 16

Ill defined time between acute and chronic

Answer 16

Subacute

Question 17

Extrinsic factors

Answer 17

• Biological agents: microorganisms and parasites
• Chemical agents: any chemical that can cause harm
• Physical agents: mechanical injury, temperature extremes, electricity, radiation
• Nutritional imbalances: excesses or deficiencies

Question 18

Intrinsic factors

Answer 18

• Genetic factors: inherited gene or chromosomal mutations (ex: Down’s Syndrome = Trisomy 21)
• Congenital factors: defects in embryological development
• Immunological factors: immune deficiency, misdirection, or autoimmunity
• Psychological factors: anxiety, strong or persistent psychological stress

Question 19

Lag phase of disease; “silent” phase; few signs/symptoms

Answer 19

Latency

Question 20

Phase of disease that presents as flu-like symptoms; hard to figure out what is causing it

Answer 20

Prodrome

Question 21

Classical symptoms phase where you will do a bilirubin test

Answer 21

Clinical symptoms

Question 22

Top chronic disease killers of Americans in 2014

Answer 22

1) Heart disease
2) Cancer
3) Stroke
4) Type DM
5) Obesity

Question 23

Percentage of total patients that die from heart disease and/or cancer

Answer 23

46% (almost 50%)

Question 24

Airborne pollutants, contaminants in food/water, human waste products, heavy metals, fire.
These are examples of what?

Answer 24

Chemical agents of Extrinsic factors

Question 25

Electromagnetic radiation, vibration, heat stress, mechanical force.
These are examples of what?

Answer 25

Physical agents of Extrinsic factors

Question 26

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans.

These are examples of what?

Answer 26

Biological agents of Extrinsic factors

Question 27

A 36-year-old woman complains to her healthcare provider of shortness of breath. This is an example of what?

Answer 27

A symptom

Question 28

The three categories of endogenous causes of disease are what?

Answer 28

Metabolic
Immunologic
Vascular

Question 29

Which are currently the three leading causes of death in the US?

Answer 29

Heart disease
Cancer
Stroke