Lecture 1 - Intro: The Skin, Skin Care Products, and Raw Materials Flashcards

1
Q

What is purpose of skin and hair?

A

Protection, keep in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Skin is the largest organ. What are the basic stats?

A

Approx 8 pounds and 22 square feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define the epiderms

A
  • biweekly renewal by maturation and exfoliation

- fed from the dermis and subcutaneous circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define the dermis

A

actively metabolizing tissue retains structure (contains elastic fibers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define hair follicle

A
  • origin of hair fibers

- epidermal tissue seated in dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function of epidermal cells

A

continually replicating and maturing into the cornified protective stratum corneum layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

function of dermal fibroblast cells

A

responsible for production and homeostasis of the underlying structural layer of skin by synthesis and excretion of fibrillar proteins- collagens and elastin and mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid, dermatin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function of melanocytes

A

production and transport of melanin granules inter- and intracellularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

function of langerhans cells

A

dendritic immunologic actors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

function of hair follicle

A

produces complex hair structure in an orderly cycle from epidermal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

function of sebaceous gland

A

holocrine excretory gland producing sebum for hair and skin lubrication exiting into hair shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

function of eccrine sweat glands

A

secretory bodies that act to control internal temperature by secreting water while maintaining electrolyte balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

function of apocrine sweat glands

A
  • associated with hair follicles secretes milky fluid- proteins and lipids
  • may have pheromonal function, impacts body odor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

function of nerve receptors

A

tactile, temperature, pressure stimulus response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

function of Merkel’s Disk

A

touch, pressure (static)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of Meissner’s corpuscle

A

touch, pressure (dynamic)

17
Q

Function of Ruffini ending

A

stretching of skin, pressure sensor

18
Q

Function of Pacinian corpuscle

A

Deep pressure, vibration (dynamic)

19
Q

function of Krause end bulb

A

Thermoreceptor

20
Q

Free nerve endings

A

not differentiated, more simple receptors for pain/heat/cold

21
Q

Why does tan only last a few weeks and tattoo lasts a lifetime?

A

Tan is increased production of melanosomes and only affects the epidermis.
Tattoo pigment penetrates the dermis

22
Q

What is the difference between thin and thick skin?

A

Thick skin is hairless and found on palms and soles

Thin skin is hairy and is where skin care products normally applied

23
Q

What are the 4 types of activity in skin pharmacology?

A

antioxidants
anti-inflammatory
enzyme modulation
immune enhancement

24
Q

What are the 3 skin active targets for skin physiology

A

Processing of xenobiotics
immunological responses
UV radiation responses

25
Q

What are the 3 routes of skin penetration

A

direct transdermal (up to 99.9%)
transfollicular (0.1 - > 50%)
via eccrine gland

26
Q

What is the stratum corneum brick and mortar model

A

stacked coreneocytes with lipidic pathways

27
Q

What happens as cells move up the epidermis?

A
  • cells proliferate and differentiate (mitotic division and cells flatten toward surface)
  • dead, keratinized cells end up at surface - “keratinized stratified squamous”
28
Q

What are 7 skin penetration issues?

A
  • Active ingredients must pass through stratum corneum
  • Solubility parameter of SC ~ 8.
  • Penetration depends on polarity of active and charge
  • Penetration depends on hydration of SC for more hydrophilic materials
  • Penetration depends on actives (m.w.
29
Q

What are the 6 skin care bases?

A
Emulsions (liquid/liquid dispersion)
Gels (polymer/thickener dispersion)
Solutions (water, alcohol, oil, silicone)
Suspensions (solid particle in liquid)
Sticks/solids
Powders
30
Q

What are the skin care OTC categories?

A
Sunscreen
Anti-acne
Skin Protectants
Skin Bleaching
External Analgesics
Dandruff/Seborrhea/Psoriasis
Anti-perspirants
Hair-growth
31
Q

define emulsion

A

A system of two (or more) immiscible materials (usually liquids) in which one material (the dispersed/internal phase) is suspended/dispersed throughout the other material (the continuous/external phase) in separate droplets

32
Q

define oil in water emulsion (O/W)

A

the dispersed phase of the emulsion is oil

33
Q

define water in oil emulsion (W/O)

A

the dispersed phase of the emulsion is water

34
Q

define emulsifier

A

A surface active agent (surfactant) which reduces the interfacial tension between the dispersed (internal) phase and the continuous (external) phase

35
Q

define emulsion interface

A

boundary between 2 phases

36
Q

What does INCI stand for

A

International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient