Lecture 1 - Intro: The Skin, Skin Care Products, and Raw Materials Flashcards

1
Q

What is purpose of skin and hair?

A

Protection, keep in water

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2
Q

Skin is the largest organ. What are the basic stats?

A

Approx 8 pounds and 22 square feet

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3
Q

Define the epiderms

A
  • biweekly renewal by maturation and exfoliation

- fed from the dermis and subcutaneous circulation

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4
Q

Define the dermis

A

actively metabolizing tissue retains structure (contains elastic fibers)

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5
Q

Define hair follicle

A
  • origin of hair fibers

- epidermal tissue seated in dermis

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6
Q

function of epidermal cells

A

continually replicating and maturing into the cornified protective stratum corneum layer

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7
Q

function of dermal fibroblast cells

A

responsible for production and homeostasis of the underlying structural layer of skin by synthesis and excretion of fibrillar proteins- collagens and elastin and mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid, dermatin)

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8
Q

function of melanocytes

A

production and transport of melanin granules inter- and intracellularly

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9
Q

function of langerhans cells

A

dendritic immunologic actors

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10
Q

function of hair follicle

A

produces complex hair structure in an orderly cycle from epidermal cells

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11
Q

function of sebaceous gland

A

holocrine excretory gland producing sebum for hair and skin lubrication exiting into hair shaft

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12
Q

function of eccrine sweat glands

A

secretory bodies that act to control internal temperature by secreting water while maintaining electrolyte balance

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13
Q

function of apocrine sweat glands

A
  • associated with hair follicles secretes milky fluid- proteins and lipids
  • may have pheromonal function, impacts body odor
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14
Q

function of nerve receptors

A

tactile, temperature, pressure stimulus response

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15
Q

function of Merkel’s Disk

A

touch, pressure (static)

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16
Q

Function of Meissner’s corpuscle

A

touch, pressure (dynamic)

17
Q

Function of Ruffini ending

A

stretching of skin, pressure sensor

18
Q

Function of Pacinian corpuscle

A

Deep pressure, vibration (dynamic)

19
Q

function of Krause end bulb

A

Thermoreceptor

20
Q

Free nerve endings

A

not differentiated, more simple receptors for pain/heat/cold

21
Q

Why does tan only last a few weeks and tattoo lasts a lifetime?

A

Tan is increased production of melanosomes and only affects the epidermis.
Tattoo pigment penetrates the dermis

22
Q

What is the difference between thin and thick skin?

A

Thick skin is hairless and found on palms and soles

Thin skin is hairy and is where skin care products normally applied

23
Q

What are the 4 types of activity in skin pharmacology?

A

antioxidants
anti-inflammatory
enzyme modulation
immune enhancement

24
Q

What are the 3 skin active targets for skin physiology

A

Processing of xenobiotics
immunological responses
UV radiation responses

25
What are the 3 routes of skin penetration
direct transdermal (up to 99.9%) transfollicular (0.1 - > 50%) via eccrine gland
26
What is the stratum corneum brick and mortar model
stacked coreneocytes with lipidic pathways
27
What happens as cells move up the epidermis?
- cells proliferate and differentiate (mitotic division and cells flatten toward surface) - dead, keratinized cells end up at surface - "keratinized stratified squamous"
28
What are 7 skin penetration issues?
- Active ingredients must pass through stratum corneum - Solubility parameter of SC ~ 8. - Penetration depends on polarity of active and charge - Penetration depends on hydration of SC for more hydrophilic materials - Penetration depends on actives (m.w.
29
What are the 6 skin care bases?
``` Emulsions (liquid/liquid dispersion) Gels (polymer/thickener dispersion) Solutions (water, alcohol, oil, silicone) Suspensions (solid particle in liquid) Sticks/solids Powders ```
30
What are the skin care OTC categories?
``` Sunscreen Anti-acne Skin Protectants Skin Bleaching External Analgesics Dandruff/Seborrhea/Psoriasis Anti-perspirants Hair-growth ```
31
define emulsion
A system of two (or more) immiscible materials (usually liquids) in which one material (the dispersed/internal phase) is suspended/dispersed throughout the other material (the continuous/external phase) in separate droplets
32
define oil in water emulsion (O/W)
the dispersed phase of the emulsion is oil
33
define water in oil emulsion (W/O)
the dispersed phase of the emulsion is water
34
define emulsifier
A surface active agent (surfactant) which reduces the interfacial tension between the dispersed (internal) phase and the continuous (external) phase
35
define emulsion interface
boundary between 2 phases
36
What does INCI stand for
International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient