Lecture 1- Intro Flashcards
What is MOA
Mechanism of Action: a cell signaling system or process that is impacted by a drug through its interaction with a specific target molecule
Drug (ligand)
substance that causes change in biological function through its chemical actions
Receptor
Macromolecule (target molecule) in membrane or inside cell that binds with a drug molecule
MOA
process by which a drug functions to produce a pharmacological effect
Drug–> ligand–> receptor–> response (pharm effect)
What are the two mechanisms of a drug molecule?
Agonist: activator
Antagonist: inhibitor-when binds to a receptor
Appropriate requirements for drug response
Size
Electrical charge
Shape
Atomic composition
1 used nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor
aspirin (acetacylic acid: agonist/inhibitor)
What are the 3 major types of chemical forces/bonds
covalent (strong)
electrostatic (ionic)
hydrophobic (weak)
Drug selectivity
degree to which a drug acts on a given site relative to other sites
3 types of drug selectivity
Relatively nonselective drugs: affect many different tissues or organs (atroprine)
Relatively selective drugs: affect targeted areas (NSAIDs ie aspirin/ibuprofen)
Highly selective drugs: affect a single organ or system (digoxin/sleep aids)
Poisons
Drugs that have almost exclusively harmful effects (ie Warfarin for blood thinner and rat poison)
Drugs that can be synthesized within the body
Hormones
Toxins
Poisons of biological origin, synthesized by plants or animals
Inorganic poisons
Poisons such as lead or arsenic
Chiral
4 unique attachments to a molecule, and make up more than half of all useful drugs
Racemic mixtures
S & R isomers within drug with one usually being active and the other inactive
(enantomiers)
Pharmacodynamics
Study of magnitude and variation of drug responses.
What does pharmacodynamics involve?
receptor binding
post-receptor effects
chemical interactions
Biodisposition
Processes of metabolism and excretion
Different drug actions of Pharmacokinetics
Movement of drugs in body, absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
Patient related factors influencing PK
age, race, individual physiology, weight, etc.
PK-PD relationship
PK: Dose–> Concentration vs. Time
PD: Effect vs. Concentration
Dose–> Effect vs. Time
Half-life
Time for 50% of drug to be eliminated from body
What is off-label drug use?
When the indication, dose, or form of a drug is not FDA approved to treat an illness or symptoms
Chemical name
Atomic or molecular structure of the drug
Generic
official name
Brand
(proprietary or trademark or trade) name
Prototype Drug
A drug that typifies the most important characteristics of the group of drugs
-cilllin
penicillins (antibiotics)
-olol
B-blockers
-mab
monoclonal antibodies
(-mumab= fully humanized)
(-zumab= antigen binding region from a mouse antibody)
(-ximab= chimeric with human and mouse parts)
(-omab= entirely mouse)
Indications
What shows that the drug is for treatment
Contraindications
Should not use due to potential harmful effects
Black box
Should not give this drug to those in the black box group
