Lecture 1 (History of Psych)

Question 1

What is psychology?

Answer 1

ABCs

scientific study of affect, behaviour, cognition

Question 2

before 1800s, how was mental illness viewed?

Answer 2

• mental illness demonic, associated w full moon

- scared of it, used horrifying tactics

Question 3

Structuralism

• when?
• who?

Answer 3

1850-1920s

Wilhelm Wundt (and Edward Titchener): first person out of phys/chem to study and document on humans

Question 4

Structuralism

• social context?
• what was it?

Answer 4

• science, phys/chem, was very popular
• they wanted to try and figure out how people thought and felt and reacted to stimuli and they used introspection to do it (asking questions and observing)
• they thought people thought and felt similarly

Question 5

Functionalism

• when?
• who?

Answer 5

1860-1930s

Question 6

Functionalism

• what?
• example?

Answer 6

more flow than structuralism, thinking there must be differences between humans

• mental processes fluid, not rigid and fixed
• ex: some people may have a strong neg reaction to a pic of a spider but others don’t
  structuralism can’t account from this, but functionalism wants to look into why

Question 7

Gestalt

• when?
• who?

Answer 7

late 1800s-mid 1900s

Wertheimer

Question 8

Gestalt

- what?

Answer 8

Perception is not reality; the whole is greater than its parts

Wertheimer (if you move a series of images slowly changing it looks like something is moving, our brains can easily be tricked, perception can easily be changed)
ex: perception picks, kinizsa triangle

Question 9

Behaviorism

• when?
• who?

Answer 9

late 1800s-1900s

Ivan pavlov, John b Watson + Rosalie Rayner, bf skinner

Question 10

Behaviorism

- what?

Answer 10

psych should be an observable and measurable science

Question 11

Psychoanalysis

• when?
• who?

Answer 11

late 1800-early 1900s

Sigmund Freud

Question 12

Psychoanalysis

- what?

Answer 12

FREUD.

unconscious mind and childhood affect behaviour
involves stage theory

Question 13

Name Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer 13

• infancy
• toddlerhood
• preschool
• elementary school
• adolescence
• young adulthood
• middle adulthood
• late adulthood

Question 14

infancy

(name: issue, desc. of task)

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer 14

to 1yr

issue: trust v mistrust

if needs are dependently met, infant develop a sense of basic trust

Question 15

toddlerhood

(name: issue, desc. of task)

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer 15

1-3yr

issue: autonomy v shame and doubt

toddlers learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves, or they may doubt their abilities

Question 16

preschool

(name: issue, desc. of task)

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer 16

3-6yr

issue: initiative v guilt

preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent

Question 17

elementary school

(name: issue, desc. of task)

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer 17

6-puberty

issue: competence v inferiority

children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior

Question 18

adolescence

(name: issue, desc. of task)

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer 18

teen-20s

issue: identity v role confusion

teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are

Question 19

young adulthood

(name: issue, desc. of task)

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer 19

20s-40s

issue: intimacy v isolation

young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated

Question 20

middle adulthood

(name: issue, desc. of task)

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer 20

40s-60s

issue: generatively v stagnation

middle-aged people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose

Question 21

late adulthood

(name: issue, desc. of task)

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer 21

60+

issue: integrity v despair

reflecting on their lives, older adults may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure

Question 22

do older or younger people have better impulse control?

Answer 22

younger have less impulse control

Question 23

Humanistic Psychology

• when?
• who?
• reaction to what?

Answer 23

1960s

carl rogers

• reaction to behaviourism and psychoanalysis

Question 24

Humanistic Psychology

- what?

Answer 24

• accounted for uniqueness of humans, growth, choice, free will
• human centred theories
• therapies that were less Freudian, person-centered therapy, making connections with the person/client

Carl Rogers

• person centered
• active listening, body language
• unconditional positive regard, judgement or treatment like you’re unwell or sick

mallows hierarchy

Question 25

Positive Psychology - when? - who?

Answer 25

1998 Martin seligman

Question 26

Positive Psychology | - what?

Answer 26

- Happiness is a by-product of a pleasant, engaged, and meaningful life o Explore positive emotions, character traits, and institutions - EX: you’re a garden, the weeds are your mental illness or troubles that are making your life worse…. Before, psychs would just get rid of the weeds, but doing that meant there was nothing left at all…. No beautiful flowers. Positive psych thinks you need to also plant seeds for new flowers (techniques to better yourself)

Question 27

BioPsychoSocial approach means what?

Answer 27

today we know so much, all perspectives lead up to the point that we realize that psych and human beings are so much more than one school or though, its based on a BioPsychoSocial approach. all things are involved (see pic)

Question 28

psych's current perspectives (see chart)

Answer 28

.

Question 29

Treatment v no treatment stats

Answer 29

- If you go through smt difficult in your life, you’ll get through it but 80% of untreated people have a worse outcome than treated people. - Having therapy gets you out of the bad situation faster and more effectively